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Microbiome:海产品中的特殊分子TMAO或能有效保护并改善机体大脑的认知功能

2022-01-31 转化医学 转化医学

本文研究结果揭示了微生物组相关的甲胺直接与哺乳动物血脑屏障之间相互作用的分子机制,其或许会对机体的脑血管和认知功能产生一定的影响。

肠道微生物和大脑之间的交流主要是通过可溶性的微生物衍生的代谢产物所介导的,但关于这一途径的细节目前研究人员尚不清楚;微生物对机体膳食胆碱和L-肉碱代谢所产生的甲胺类物质(Methylamines)受到了科学家们的极大关注,因为其被认为与血管疾病的发生有关,但其对脑血管循环的影响迄今科学家们还没有研究过。

近日,一篇发表在国际杂志Microbiome上题为“Regulation of blood–brain barrier integrity by microbiome-associated methylamines and cognition by trimethylamine N-oxide”的研究报告中,来自诺丁汉特伦特大学等机构的科学家们通过研究调查了三甲胺N-氧化物(TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide)在机体中的关键作用,其存在于人类的日常饮食中,且能在机体消化鱼类的过程中产生。

图片

TMAO或会让血脑屏障不易泄露。

图片来源:Nottingham Trent University

如今越来越多的研究旨在理解和阐明肠道中的细菌及与其相互作用的分子如何影响人类的健康和疾病的发生;当含有TMAO的食物被摄入后,该分子就会在肠道中被细菌所分解,其分解产物会被带入到血液中并转化为TMAO,从而就会与机体全身的器官相互作用。重要的是,大脑的循环和血管系统会接触到TMAO,其会直接与血脑屏障发生相互作用,该屏障的作用是预防机体中潜在的有害毒素进入到大脑中。

随着机体年龄的增长,血脑屏障就会慢慢开始“泄露”并更容易被这些毒素所渗透;然而研究人员发现,TMAO会让血脑屏障的泄露程度降低;他们指出,与饮食中不存在TMAO相比,饮食中长期存在的TMAO会对小鼠的血脑屏障完整性和认知功能产生长期的积极性影响,从而就会预防其认知记忆的损伤。

这项研究中,研究人员首次阐明了微生物所衍生的代谢产物与血脑屏障及其保护性功能之间的直接关联,本文研究对于开发靶向作用人类机体的脑肠关联进而来改善机体的认知功能的膳食干预措施具有一定的影响。研究者Lesley Hoyles教授说道,这项研究工作在理解我们的饮食如何积极影响认知功能和健康老龄化方面迈出了重要的一步。微生物产生的代谢产物来源于肠道菌群,其对机体有着多种影响,TMAO是一种与人类肠道微生物组相关的细菌代谢产物,其在鱼类和海产品种非常丰富,对于机体的血脑屏障有着直接的有益影响,且会影响机体的认知功能,本文研究或许开辟了一项新研究来直接探索连接大脑和肠道之间关联的膳食干预措施。

图片

图片来源:https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-021-01181-z

研究者Simon McArthur说道,我们知道,大脑血管的损伤是多种神经性疾病的特征,包括中风和痴呆症等,通过识别能修饰大脑血管完整性的肠道菌群,本文研究或许就为通过操控饮食来开发具有保护性作用的干预措施提供了新的途径。长期以来,我们一直知道吃鱼对大脑健康有益,如今研究者也加入了肠道菌群来作为这种古老谚语的一个新方面。血脑屏障是抵御损伤和感染的重要大脑防线,在诸如阿尔兹海默病等疾病发病期间,血脑屏障就会被破坏,从而就使得大脑容易受到损伤。

这项研究中,研究人员强调,一种在鱼类机体中大量存在的分子以及在肠道中产生的分子或会影响血脑屏障的渗漏;我们都知道,饮食构成了健康生活方式的一部分,因此调查诸如TMAO等分子的特性或许还值得进一步深入研究。只有对痴呆症研究进一步投资,研究人员或许才有可能对其深入研究并取得相应的研究突破。综上,本文研究结果揭示了微生物组相关的甲胺直接与哺乳动物血脑屏障之间相互作用的分子机制,其或许会对机体的脑血管和认知功能产生一定的影响。

原始出处:

Hoyles, L., Pontifex, M.G., Rodriguez-Ramiro, I. et al. Regulation of blood–brain barrier integrity by microbiome-associated methylamines and cognition by trimethylamine N-oxide. Microbiome 9, 235 (2021). doi:10.1186/s40168-021-01181-z

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    2022-11-07 sunylz
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    2022-02-25 jiafufeng@yaho
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    2022-09-20 xjy02
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    2022-02-02 JR19860221
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1919386, encodeId=6d3019193860f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 05:41:24 CST 2022, time=2022-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858004, encodeId=2587185800495, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 06:41:24 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084696, encodeId=a6e82084696e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 14:41:24 CST 2022, time=2022-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460362, encodeId=fd9f14603629a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=96571e54928' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TMAO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17549, encryptionId=96571e54928, topicName=TMAO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b0e56300497, createdName=JR19860221, createdTime=Wed Feb 02 14:41:24 CST 2022, time=2022-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634174, encodeId=c6fe16341e4f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ffe11e09d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Microbiome#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11709, encryptionId=4ffe11e09d8, topicName=Microbiome)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39c822073631, createdName=pyaili, createdTime=Wed Aug 24 20:41:24 CST 2022, time=2022-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1189515, encodeId=3bc61189515a6, content=评论一下,看什么变化, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=18e75602622, createdName=柠lemon檬, createdTime=Mon Jan 31 23:56:58 CST 2022, time=2022-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-24 pyaili
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1919386, encodeId=6d3019193860f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Mon Nov 07 05:41:24 CST 2022, time=2022-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858004, encodeId=2587185800495, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 06:41:24 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084696, encodeId=a6e82084696e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 14:41:24 CST 2022, time=2022-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460362, encodeId=fd9f14603629a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=96571e54928' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TMAO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17549, encryptionId=96571e54928, topicName=TMAO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b0e56300497, createdName=JR19860221, createdTime=Wed Feb 02 14:41:24 CST 2022, time=2022-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634174, encodeId=c6fe16341e4f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ffe11e09d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Microbiome#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11709, encryptionId=4ffe11e09d8, topicName=Microbiome)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39c822073631, createdName=pyaili, createdTime=Wed Aug 24 20:41:24 CST 2022, time=2022-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1189515, encodeId=3bc61189515a6, content=评论一下,看什么变化, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=18e75602622, createdName=柠lemon檬, createdTime=Mon Jan 31 23:56:58 CST 2022, time=2022-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-01-31 柠lemon檬

    评论一下,看什么变化

    0

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