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Lancet:皮下接种疫苗或可代替肌肉接种,并可减少疫苗剂量

2019-05-20 QQ MedSci原创

皮下注射部分灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗(fIPV)是肌肉注射全剂量疫苗的一种减剂量的替代方法。现研究人员对两种flPV剂量与常规免疫接种一IPV剂量的免疫原性进行对比,并同时评估用于爆发反应的flPV增强剂量的免疫原性。研究人员开展一开放性的随机对照非平等非劣效性试验,将健康的6周大的新生儿随机分至4组:A组,在14周时予以IPV,22周时予以IPV增强剂量;B组,在14周时予以IPV,22周时予以f

皮下注射部分灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗(fIPV)是肌肉注射全剂量疫苗的一种减剂量的替代方法。现研究人员对两种flPV剂量与常规免疫接种一IPV剂量的免疫原性进行对比,并同时评估用于爆发反应的flPV增强剂量的免疫原性。

研究人员开展一开放性的随机对照非平等非劣效性试验,将健康的6周大的新生儿随机分至4组:A组,在14周时予以IPV,22周时予以IPV增强剂量;B组,在14周时予以IPV,22周时予以flPV增强剂量;C组,在6周时予以IPV,在22周时予以flPV增强剂量;D组,在6周和14周时分别予以flPV,在22周时予以flPV增强剂量。IPV,为肌肉注射全剂量(0.5mL);flPV,为皮下注射(0.1mL)。主要结点是22周(常规免疫)和26周(爆发反应)时对1型、2型和3型脊髓灰质炎病毒的疫苗反应。疫苗反应的定义是从起始的血清阴性(<1:8)转化至血清阳性(≥1:8),或根据母体抗体衰减调整为抗体滴度增加4倍。

2016年9月1日-2017年5月2日,共有1076位受试者被随机分至A组(271人)、B组(267人)、C组(268人)和D组(270人)。22周时,对于3种类型的脊髓灰质炎病毒,两剂量flPV(D组)的疫苗反应明显高于1剂量IPV(A组和B组):1型:212人(79%[95% CI 73-83])vs 305人(57%[53-61]),2型:173(64%[58-70])vs 249 (46% [42–51]),3型:196(73% [67–78]) vs 196(36%[33–41]) 。26周时,对于3种类型的脊髓灰质炎病毒,flPV增强剂量也并未不次于IPV(B组 vs A组):1型 (?1·12% [90% CI ?2·18~?0·06]),2型 (0·40%, [–2·22~1·42]),3型(1·51% [–3·23 to ?0·21])。共发生129例不良事件,其中21例为严重事件,包括1例死亡;但均与IPV或flPV无关。

在常规免疫接种和爆发反应方面,fIPV或可成为一种节约疫苗剂量有效策略。

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    2019-11-03 howi
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