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I型糖尿病治疗新方法:免疫耐受型人工胰岛细胞

2016-06-01 佚名 生物谷

(图片摘自www.sciencealert.com)

(图片摘自www.sciencealert.com)


I型糖尿病并不是一个容易治愈的疾病,科学家们不仅需要解决患者体内的胰腺无法产生胰岛素的问题,还需要考虑移植外源性细胞时产生的免疫排斥现象。这是一个两难的问题。

 
不过,美国专利审查机构最近批准了首个能够解决这一问题的办法:通过将胰岛素分泌细胞进行修饰,从而逃脱体内免疫系统的识别与攻击,有效期可长达数年之久。
 
这类细胞叫做"Melligen cells"。它们能够感受体内血糖含量,生产、储存以及释放胰岛素。
 
来自悉尼理工大学的科学家们经过数年的时间对这类Melligen细胞进行遗传修饰,使其获得分泌胰岛素的能力,这类细胞能够代替I型糖尿病患者体内被摧毁的胰岛Beta细胞。
 
早在去年,该研究组就发表文章报道了该细胞能够缓解I型糖尿病小鼠的病情。
 
这一结果十分有意义,但是这些小鼠属于免疫耐受的体系,因此它们是不会因为移植外源细胞而产生免疫排斥。人体则不同,这些细胞一旦被释放到体内,将会被免疫细胞即刻识别并攻击,这也就是这一新的合作的意义所在。
 
悉尼理工大学的研究者们与美国临床生物科技公司"PharmaCyte Biotech"进行合作,该公司开发了一种将细胞"隐藏"起来的技术:Cell-in-a-Box。理论上,该技术能够帮助Melligen细胞免受体内免疫系统的识别,他们合作的这一新产品获得了专利许可。
 
"Cell-in-a-Box"具有特殊的纤维素结构,能够允许分子自由出入,内部的Melligen细胞能够识别体内的血糖含量,进而分泌胰岛素。而这一切都不会受到免疫系统的干扰。
 
"我们预期这一技术能够使得Melligen"细胞免受免疫系统的影响,使得该细胞向人体移植的难度变低"。
 
该公司称,'Cell-in-a-Box'技术能够在体内维持两年以上,并且不会引发周围组织的损伤,这意味着该技术能够作为长期的治疗I型糖尿病的方法。
 
需要指出的是,虽然已经有文章分别报道了以上两个技术("Cell-in-a-Box"、"Melligen cell"),但是针对两类技术的组合目前并没有相关文章。不过,既然该组合已经获得了专利许可,研究者们应该会进行临床试验。
 
"对于全球数百万饱受I型糖尿病困扰的人群,我们的疗法能够代替每天必须的胰岛素注射方法,这将提高他们的生活质量,并降低频繁注射药物带来的副作用"。


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    2016-09-15 舒心和人

    应用到实践中造福人类

    0

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    2016-07-05 baoya
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    2016-06-02 沉心多思

    好文章,不错,得多学习了!

    0

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近日,来自麻省总医院的科学家通过研究开发了一种基于荧光的新型检测手段,借助该手段利用几微升的血清样本就可以对抗体的敏感性进行检测,检测的敏感性至少是传统放射性免疫检测敏感性的50多倍,传统的放射性免疫测定手段是当前临床上常用的金标准,相关研究刊登于国际杂志TECHNOLOGY上。这项新型检测手段对于免疫学试验具有较大的吸引力,因为其可以:1)样本的用量较少;2)也是基于传统的分析系统,比如标准

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