阿司匹林对结直肠癌发病与死亡率的远期影响:对5项随机试验的20年随访
2011-06-07 M Rothwell , Michelle Wilson , Carl-Eric Elwin, Bo Norrving MedSci原创
背景: 高剂量阿司匹林(每日用量≥500 mg)可降低结直肠癌的远期发病率,但其副作用可能会限制该药的长期预防性应用。低剂量阿司匹林(每日75-300 mg)的长期作用尚属未知。我们按照应用剂量、治疗时间、以及肿瘤位点,评估了阿司匹林对结直肠癌发病与死亡率的作用。 方法: 我们随访了4项对
高剂量阿司匹林(每日用量≥500 mg)可降低结直肠癌的远期发病率,但其副作用可能会限制该药的长期预防性应用。低剂量阿司匹林(每日75-300 mg)的长期作用尚属未知。我们按照应用剂量、治疗时间、以及肿瘤位点,评估了阿司匹林对结直肠癌发病与死亡率的作用。
我们随访了4项对血管事件的一级预防(血栓形成预防试验、英国医师阿司匹林试验)与二级预防(瑞典低剂量阿司匹林试验、英国TIA阿司匹林试验)中的阿司匹林对照试验、以及1项剂阿司匹林剂量差别试验(荷兰TIA阿司匹林试验),并通过对各独立数据进行合并分析,确定了在试验中及试验后的20多年中、阿司匹林对结直肠癌危险度的作用。
中位时间为18.3年的随访显示,在4项阿司匹林对照试验中(治疗计划平均周期为6.0年),14,033名患者中有391名(2.8%)罹患结直肠癌。阿司匹林的应用降低了结肠癌的20年危险度(危险比HR为0.76,0.60-0.96,p=0.02;死亡危险比为 0.65,0.48-0.88,p=0.005),但对直肠癌无此作用(0.90,0.63-1.30,p=0.58;0.80,0.50— 1.28,p=0.35)。在可获得亚位点数据的部位,阿司匹林降低了近端结肠癌的风险(0,45,0.28-0.74,p=0.001;0.34,0.18-0.66,p=0.001),但对远端结肠无此作用(1.10,0.73-1.64,p=0.66;1.21,0.66-2.24,p=0.54;对于发病率差别p=0.04,对于死亡率差别 p=0.01)。然而患者的获益随治疗计划时间的延长而有所增加,如应用阿司匹林达5年及5年以上可将近端直肠癌风险降低70% (0.35,0.20-0.63;0.24,0.11-0.52;二者概率均为p<0.0001),亦降低了直肠癌的风险(0.58,0.36-0.92,p=0 .02;0.47,0.26-0.87,p=0.01)。每日应用阿司匹林大于75mg者未见获益增加,在经过5年计划治疗(每日75-300 mg)后、任一致命性结直肠癌20年危险度中,绝对危险度降低了1.76%(0.61-2.91;p=0.001)。然而在荷兰TIA试验的随访中,与每日应用283 mg阿司匹林者相比,每日应用30 mg阿司匹林者发生致命性结直结肠癌的风险更高(比值比2.02,0.70-6.05,p=0.15)。
长期每日服用至少75 mg阿司匹林可降低直结肠癌的远期发病与死亡率。对于不能由乙状结肠镜或结肠镜检查而有效预防的近端直结肠癌患者,他们的获益更大。
High-dose aspirin (≥500 mg daily) reduces long-term incidence of colorectal cancer, but adverse effects might limit its potential for long-term prevention. The long-term effectiveness of lower doses (75-300 mg daily) is unknown. We assessed the effects of aspirin on incidence and mortality due to colorectal cancer in relation to dose, duration of treatment, and site of tumour.
METHODS:
We followed up four randomised trials of aspirin versus control in primary (Thrombosis Prevention Trial, British Doctors Aspirin Trial) and secondary (Swedish Aspirin Low Dose Trial, UK-TIA Aspirin Trial) prevention of vascular events and one trial of different doses of aspirin (Dutch TIA Aspirin Trial) and established the effect of aspirin on risk of colorectal cancer over 20 years during and after the trials by analysis of pooled individual patient data.
RESULTS:
In the four trials of aspirin versus control (mean duration of scheduled treatment 6·0 years), 391 (2·8%) of 14 033 patients had colorectal cancer during a median follow-up of 18·3 years. Allocation to aspirin reduced the 20-year risk of colon cancer (incidence hazard ratio [HR] 0·76, 0·60-0·96, p=0·02; mortality HR 0·65, 0·48-0·88, p=0·005), but not rectal cancer (0·90, 0·63-1·30, p=0·58; 0·80, 0·50-1·28, p=0·35). Where subsite data were available, aspirin reduced risk of cancer of the proximal colon (0·45, 0·28-0·74, p=0·001; 0·34, 0·18-0·66, p=0·001), but not the distal colon (1·10, 0·73-1·64, p=0·66; 1·21, 0·66-2·24, p=0·54; for incidence difference p=0·04, for mortality difference p=0·01). However, benefit increased with scheduled duration of treatment, such that allocation to aspirin of 5 years or longer reduced risk of proximal colon cancer by about 70% (0·35, 0·20-0·63; 0·24, 0·11-0·52; both p<0·0001) and also reduced risk of rectal cancer (0·58, 0·36-0·92, p=0·02; 0·47, 0·26-0·87, p=0·01). There was no increase in benefit at doses of aspirin greater than 75 mg daily, with an absolute reduction of 1·76% (0·61-2·91; p=0·001) in 20-year risk of any fatal colorectal cancer after 5-years scheduled treatment with 75-300 mg daily. However, risk of fatal colorectal cancer was higher on 30 mg versus 283 mg daily on long-term follow-up of the Dutch TIA trial (odds ratio 2·02, 0·70-6·05, p=0·15).
INTERPRETATION:
Aspirin taken for several years at doses of at least 75 mg daily reduced long-term incidence and mortality due to colorectal cancer. Benefit was greatest for cancers of the proximal colon, which are not otherwise prevented effectively by screening with sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy.
专家评价:
作者:Daphne Lichtensztajn and Ellen Chang
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#癌发病#
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If your articles are always this hlepufl, "I'll be back."
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有意义
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#结直肠#
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#随机试验#
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