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Nutrients:益生元研究的新近进展 —— 专家研讨会声明

2018-02-17 张灵 | 消化客 江苏省人民医院消化科

人类肠道微生物群由1013-1014个微生物组成(主要是细菌),其参与多种生物过程,如营养物质的利用和能量储存、抗感染、免疫系统的成熟和功能调节、支持神经内分泌功能等,因此,对整体健康状况至关重要。

人类肠道微生物群由1013-1014个微生物组成(主要是细菌),其参与多种生物过程,如营养物质的利用和能量储存、抗感染免疫系统的成熟和功能调节、支持神经内分泌功能等,因此,对整体健康状况至关重要。

微生物与宿主之间的相互作用从出生即开始,在成年期保持相对稳定,而在年老时,由于频繁出现慢性和急性干扰(一些人形容为失调),导致稳定性下降。失调也发生于肥胖,糖尿病和代谢性炎症等情况下,尽管目前还不清楚这是否相关或存在因果关系。

早在二十世纪初,Elie Metchnikoff就报道称保加利亚农民因为饮用酸奶而获得更长的寿命,提出调节肠道微生物可以改善人类健康。Tomotari Mitsuoka在20世纪60年代进一步提出某些饮食成分可能影响肠道中特定细菌群体,而这可能会影响宿主健康的观点,他首先将饮食组成与细菌群体、活动和健康联系起来,为20世纪90年代中期制定益生元的概念奠定了基础。最近,越来越多的研究显示,人类肠道菌群紊乱与炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征、肥胖和炎症等病理状态有关,如果被证明是致病关系,那么针对性地调节肠道微生物群可能提供预防甚至成为新颖的治疗方法,证据是粪便微生物菌群移植在难辨梭状芽孢杆菌治疗中的最新发展。

此外,营养干预有助于建立或维持一个健康的肠道微生物群,“益生元”的使用正引起越来越多的关注,Gibson和Roberfroid在20世纪90年代引入了这一开创性的概念,强调饮食在调节肠道微生物群中的重要性及其与人类健康的关系。从那以后,这个定义被多次讨论和修改,以适应新兴的知识,尽管主要特征大部分都保留了下来,但一些食品成分需要满足的标准仍存在争议。

考虑到我们对肠道菌群的了解日益增长,以及其对人类健康的重要性,益生元研究领域的学术专家会见了来自工业界的科学家,讨论超越传统概念的益生元研究进展,以及这些进展如何促进该领域的发展。研讨会涵盖的主题包括:(1)益生元概念的历史和演变;(2)通过结肠发酵的体外模型研究益生元效应;(3)具有微生物调节性质的化合物(例如维生素)可能影响宿主健康。

1、益生元定义的发展

GlennGibson和Marcel Roberfroid首先将益生元定义为“一种不易消化的食物成分,通过选择性刺激结肠中一种或少数几种细菌的生长和/或活性对宿主产生有益影响,改善宿主健康”。那时,对肠道微生物生态系统的认识还比较有限,通过“选择性”培养基计数细菌是常态,基于DNA的微生物学刚被引入,通常研究人员统计四到五个功能组和细菌总数,在这种情况下,选择性刺激定义中所描述的“一种或少数几种的细菌”的想法是非常有意义的。现在,人们对肠道微生物群有了更深入的了解,测序研究不断揭示着生态系统多样性的程度,然而,这些技术也可能存在局限性,有时会造成相当倾斜的图像,而不提供绝对的细胞计数,根据方法的细节,它们也可能代表功能重要的细菌群,例如双歧杆菌。相反,基于荧光探针的荧光原位杂交(FISH)计数法可以计数限定功能团的细胞,尽管调查人员必须知道要计算什么,且这种方法不能识别未知的多样性。宏基因组学和转基因组学技术在未来几年将有助于我们对生态系统的理解,第一个将提供微生物群的功能基因组成,而第二个使我们可以在微生物群中鉴定表达的转录物。值得注意的是,还有一个强大的“组学”技术,代谢组学,这种技术可以通过微生物代谢的表征来研究复杂的宿主-微生物群关系。

肠道生态系统是一个非常多样化,高度个体化,但功能保守的生态系统,益生元概念也在不断发展。根据2008年在加拿大安大略省益生菌和益生元国际科学协会(ISAPP)第六次会议上提出的定义,饮食益生元是“一种选择性发酵的成分,导致胃肠微生物组成和/或活性的特定变化,赋予宿主健康益处”,这个定义与原始的相似,但有一些重要的区别,首先,由于益生元会带来更广泛的变化,去除“一种或少数几种”;其次,插入“饮食”和“胃肠”这两个词,将概念扩展到其他复杂的微生物生态系统,如“皮肤益生元”,“口腔益生元”或“阴道益生元”。2017年,ISAPP共识小组提出了益生元的另一种定义,即“宿主微生物选择性利用的底物,赋予宿主健康益处”。术语基质与“利用”一词相一致,意味着“通过营养生长”,排除有生命力的微生物和抗微生物剂为益生元。定义更为直接,避免了不必要的技术术语,并像2008年的定义一样,声明目标不仅限于对双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的刺激,还可以从其他有益的分类菌群中获得健康益处。它首次讨论底物(虽然没有定义为“益生元”)可以通过不涉及宿主微生物选择性利用的机制来影响微生物群的组成,例如矿物质,维生素和噬菌体。

抛开定义,研究者解释这个概念的方式也发生了变化。在早期,对有益菌和有害菌的区分相当简单,导致过分强调刺激双歧杆菌,它们是主要的可培养菌群之一,并且在益生菌方面具有已知的益处。与此同时,类杆菌经常被视为有害菌,但实际上这是一个巨大而多样化的细菌群体,对宿主有一定的影响,包括正面和负面。

最近两个ISAPP定义中有了对益生元更现代和细致入微的理解,尽管选择性刺激部分微生物群的中心概念仍然存在,并如同20世纪90年代一样有效,但对微生物群体和活性的意义的有了更多认识。在IBD和肥胖中具有潜在有益作用的细菌,如产丁酸的普拉梭菌和嗜酸性艾克曼菌已被确定,随着我们对生态系统的理解的增加,还会确定更多的细菌。事实上,近年来,人们将注意力从简单区分有益菌和有害菌转移到旨在了解宿主生理相关的微生物生态学和功能特征的研究上。

此外,近来对短链脂肪酸(SCFA)在人体生理学中的广泛功能的认识不断进展,使人们更加关注肠内代谢物的作用而不是简单的改变细菌种群。代谢组学是研究微生物与宿主生理之间复杂关系一种非常好的工具,该领域的知识正在迅速扩展,但是,有必要采用所有可用于调查肠道微生物群的技术,毕竟没有一种方法优于其他,但每种都能补充信息。明智地使用测序,定量PCR,FISH探针和代谢组学技术可以提供一个真正的基于系统生物学的方法来研究益生元及其对宿主健康的影响。通过这种方法,我们可能会对益生元的作用方式有更深入的了解,这将进一步促进益生元概念的发展。

2、结肠发酵的体外模型

作为全面研究肠道微生物群中益生元功能的方法之一,肠道模型在此之前特别适用于动物试验或人体临床研究。体外肠道模型使我们能在高度控制的环境中,以及体内设置无法达到的水平上,独立于宿主地研究饮食、微生物、药物和生理因素对肠道微生物群的机械效应。因此近年来,这些模型迅速发展,解决了伦理相关的问题,为动物和人体研究提供了具有成本效益的工具。

在过去的几十年中,人们已经开发了一系列含有最高密度微生物的系统来模拟结肠发酵,从简单的厌氧分批培养系统到复杂的多级连续流动模型。需要注意的是,所有模型在条件和产出方面都是不同的,因此,在选择最适合的模型时要认真根据所研究的科学问题考虑它们的特点和相关的局限性。大多数模型不能在结肠中繁殖固着状态的细菌群体,而且不能达到肠道中的高细菌密度和微生物竞争,最近人们在PolyFermS系统中研制出了解决这些局限性的方法,包括将粪便微生物群固定在凝胶珠中模拟细胞密度和体内肠道微生物竞争。PolyFermS肠道模型可扩展到婴儿、老人或肥胖供体在内的多种配置,可在同一微生物群将对照与不同治疗的效果进行比较,是研究多种益生元的作用机制和细菌代谢物特征的理想选择。例如,最近的试验证实,健康成年人的微生物群能良好地代谢低聚半乳糖(GOS),低聚木糖(XOS)和β-葡聚糖,其整体代谢发生明显变化,有益的SCFA如丁酸和丙酸增多。虽然在这些试验中使用了不同的供体,而不能将这些有益效应和特定的系统发育群体反应联系起来,但在代表两种不同肠型的三种不同微生物群得到了供体特异性反应,这些发现说明了从体外模型获得的数据的敏感性和价值,并且强调了根据目标微生物群谱考虑益生元可以刺激不同细菌群和代谢途径的重要性。

3、可能影响宿主健康的微生物调控化合物

有几种化合物似乎可以通过宿主微生物的选择性利用或与营养无关的机制影响肠道微生物群的组成。其中一个被深入研究的例子是维生素B2(核黄素)的作用和普拉梭菌的生长。普拉梭菌是一种占主导地位的有益菌,严格厌氧,占人体肠道细菌总数的5-15%,它也是肠道中具有抗炎特性的主要产丁酸菌之一。普拉梭菌数量在性肠病患者,尤其是克罗恩病患者中减少,这可能是肠道炎症产生的氧化应激增加所致。

普拉梭菌被证明具有使用核黄素作为细胞外电子转运蛋白的特殊能力,使其能够耐受有限数量的氧。尽管由核黄素提供的耐氧性是有限的,并且不利于这种专性厌氧菌的有氧生长,但是刺激普拉梭菌生长可能是这种维生素的功能之一,核黄素可能具备微生物调节性质,有潜在的临床意义。为了验证这一假设,Harmsen及其同事最近在健康男性成年人中进行了一项试验,结果发现核黄素确实增加了每克粪便中普拉梭菌的数量,经过一周的清除期后,普拉梭菌数量再次下降,但是没有降至基线水平。这种效应与另一组厌氧菌罗斯氏菌的增加和大肠杆菌的减少相平行,提示肠道中厌氧条件和氧化还原状态的改善。假定在使用维生素的低需氧条件下,其他厌氧的有益微生物可以生长,这将为制造和应用这种益生菌(在正常即充氧环境中不能存活的)——维生素组合物来预防人类疾病开辟了新的可能性。

除了维生素B2之外,其他非碳水化合物类化合物也可通过“选择性利用”或其他机制调节肠道微生物群,对宿主产生有益作用。例如,红葡萄酒中所含的多酚类化合物可以选择性的调节人类肠道微生物群的生长(类杆菌和双歧杆菌属的生长增加),饮用红酒后肠道微生物群的变化与甘油三酯和胆固醇的降低有关,将多酚的摄入量与宿主的心血管益处联系起来,这可以通过炎性标记物C反应蛋白的浓度降低来证实。微生物调节作用也可能存在于矿物质,如钙和铁,以及益生元和微量营养素的组合中。高钙饮食的小鼠血浆内毒素水平较低,内毒素表型较弱,这与类杆菌和双歧杆菌的生长有关。最后,最近的研究还发现补充ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)可能会改变人类肠道微生物,Menni和他的合作者发现在中老年妇女群体中,循环中的ω-3脂肪酸水平与更高的微生物群多样性和更高丰度的产短链脂肪酸的毛螺旋菌相关联。同样,Wason和他的合作者观察到,补充ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸剂可逆性的增加双歧杆菌、罗斯氏菌和乳杆菌在内的几个菌属的丰度。综上,这些数据表明几种非碳水化合物类化合物调节肠道微生物群,但它们是否有资格作为益生元,仍存在争议。

虽然益生元的定义在过去二十年来同微生物研究技术一同不断发展,但是作为益生元的资格是什么仍然存在争议。根据最新的ISAPP定义,益生元是一种被宿主微生物选择性利用的底物,赋予宿主健康益处。选择性刺激部分微生物群的中心概念仍然有效,但是对微生物群体和活动的意义的理解已经形成,双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌不再代表肠道微生物群中唯一功能重要的成员,代谢交叉现象增强了肠道细菌生态系统的复杂性。因此,真正的挑战是将益生元与特定的生态系统变化和/或代谢物产生联系起来,最后与宿主的健康相关联。

模拟结肠发酵的复杂的体外模型最近已经被开发用于研究益生元对微生物特定种类和总体组成,以及代谢产物的影响。但是,它们也有局限性,例如,只能模拟微生物群发酵/利用某种益生元的能力,而不能说明与这些变化相关的功能含义。虽然可以在体外评估丁酸的增加,但这并不总能预测肠道微生物与宿主细胞或宿主来源的可溶性因子的真正相互作用。为此,需要将来自体外和体内系统的数据与人类研究相结合来产生额外的数据。这些系统的另外一个代表是肠道类器官:一种三维体外组织模型,保留了体内肠道组织的许多生理相关特征。这些类器官有一个重要特点,在存在细菌和病毒攻击的情况下,它们仍是稳健的模型,从而能用于真正的共培养实验,在这种模型中上皮细胞和微生物可以在相同的培养皿中保持较长时间,因此,它们代表了一个模块化,高度适应性的用于评估宿主-微生物相互作用的分子基础的模型系统。

随着人们对各种营养成分对微生物组成和代谢产物的影响的认识不断增加,科学家们将继续发展益生元的概念。这包括最近发现的非碳水化合物类化合物,如多酚,矿物质,营养脂质和维生素,迄今尚未考虑其对肠道微生物群的潜在影响,考虑到在生理条件下,维生素和脂质大部分在小肠的上部被吸收而不能到达胃肠道的远端部分,这并不令人意外。然而,它们对宿主生理学的影响是否至少部分通过调节肠道微生物来介导仍是未知的,需要进一步研究。

原始出处:
Giorgio La Fata, Robert A. Rastall, Christophe Lacroix, et al. Recent Development of Prebiotic Research-Statement from an Expert Workshop. Nutrients.  2017 Dec 20;9(12). pii: E1376.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1994792, encodeId=cef41994e9281, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d51e345936' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研讨会#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73459, encryptionId=3d51e345936, topicName=研讨会)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Thu Apr 26 19:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=293163, encodeId=d91229316328, content=谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er8sYHCPqtn0aUWywsfKibdCUbJOTrGuwSt8ryEbSChJ7SXJvDCzUR91FVEicCFW0PClAs1vYDiajqYw/132, createdBy=6f5c2263960, createdName=Blank_, createdTime=Mon Mar 05 08:31:30 CST 2018, time=2018-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292821, encodeId=5aec29282198, content=益生元研究的治疗., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Mar 04 07:32:37 CST 2018, time=2018-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=291848, encodeId=78dc291848bd, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Mar 01 03:26:49 CST 2018, time=2018-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=290398, encodeId=762c290398aa, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Feb 24 07:06:12 CST 2018, time=2018-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289861, encodeId=58c4289861ed, content=益生元研究的进展., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Feb 22 07:22:46 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289859, encodeId=3f662898597d, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Thu Feb 22 07:17:31 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289573, encodeId=aa822895e351, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:11:17 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289558, encodeId=5ee1289558e1, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/15/8213228fe923915543544ad3da7e1c64.jpg, createdBy=6bd82014262, createdName=秀红, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 02:01:59 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506393, encodeId=03bb150639361, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5277e2246d9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生元#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72246, encryptionId=5277e2246d9, topicName=益生元)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d9ce9745957, createdName=mnda, createdTime=Mon Feb 19 01:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-26 kcb069
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1994792, encodeId=cef41994e9281, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d51e345936' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研讨会#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73459, encryptionId=3d51e345936, topicName=研讨会)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Thu Apr 26 19:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=293163, encodeId=d91229316328, content=谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er8sYHCPqtn0aUWywsfKibdCUbJOTrGuwSt8ryEbSChJ7SXJvDCzUR91FVEicCFW0PClAs1vYDiajqYw/132, createdBy=6f5c2263960, createdName=Blank_, createdTime=Mon Mar 05 08:31:30 CST 2018, time=2018-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292821, encodeId=5aec29282198, content=益生元研究的治疗., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Mar 04 07:32:37 CST 2018, time=2018-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=291848, encodeId=78dc291848bd, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Mar 01 03:26:49 CST 2018, time=2018-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=290398, encodeId=762c290398aa, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Feb 24 07:06:12 CST 2018, time=2018-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289861, encodeId=58c4289861ed, content=益生元研究的进展., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Feb 22 07:22:46 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289859, encodeId=3f662898597d, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Thu Feb 22 07:17:31 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289573, encodeId=aa822895e351, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:11:17 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289558, encodeId=5ee1289558e1, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/15/8213228fe923915543544ad3da7e1c64.jpg, createdBy=6bd82014262, createdName=秀红, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 02:01:59 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506393, encodeId=03bb150639361, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5277e2246d9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生元#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72246, encryptionId=5277e2246d9, topicName=益生元)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d9ce9745957, createdName=mnda, createdTime=Mon Feb 19 01:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-05 Blank_

    谢谢分享.

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1994792, encodeId=cef41994e9281, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d51e345936' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研讨会#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73459, encryptionId=3d51e345936, topicName=研讨会)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Thu Apr 26 19:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=293163, encodeId=d91229316328, content=谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er8sYHCPqtn0aUWywsfKibdCUbJOTrGuwSt8ryEbSChJ7SXJvDCzUR91FVEicCFW0PClAs1vYDiajqYw/132, createdBy=6f5c2263960, createdName=Blank_, createdTime=Mon Mar 05 08:31:30 CST 2018, time=2018-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292821, encodeId=5aec29282198, content=益生元研究的治疗., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Mar 04 07:32:37 CST 2018, time=2018-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=291848, encodeId=78dc291848bd, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Mar 01 03:26:49 CST 2018, time=2018-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=290398, encodeId=762c290398aa, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Feb 24 07:06:12 CST 2018, time=2018-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289861, encodeId=58c4289861ed, content=益生元研究的进展., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Feb 22 07:22:46 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289859, encodeId=3f662898597d, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Thu Feb 22 07:17:31 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289573, encodeId=aa822895e351, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:11:17 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289558, encodeId=5ee1289558e1, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/15/8213228fe923915543544ad3da7e1c64.jpg, createdBy=6bd82014262, createdName=秀红, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 02:01:59 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506393, encodeId=03bb150639361, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5277e2246d9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生元#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72246, encryptionId=5277e2246d9, topicName=益生元)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d9ce9745957, createdName=mnda, createdTime=Mon Feb 19 01:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-04 jyzxjiangqin

    益生元研究的治疗.

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1994792, encodeId=cef41994e9281, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d51e345936' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研讨会#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73459, encryptionId=3d51e345936, topicName=研讨会)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Thu Apr 26 19:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=293163, encodeId=d91229316328, content=谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er8sYHCPqtn0aUWywsfKibdCUbJOTrGuwSt8ryEbSChJ7SXJvDCzUR91FVEicCFW0PClAs1vYDiajqYw/132, createdBy=6f5c2263960, createdName=Blank_, createdTime=Mon Mar 05 08:31:30 CST 2018, time=2018-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292821, encodeId=5aec29282198, content=益生元研究的治疗., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Mar 04 07:32:37 CST 2018, time=2018-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=291848, encodeId=78dc291848bd, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Mar 01 03:26:49 CST 2018, time=2018-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=290398, encodeId=762c290398aa, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Feb 24 07:06:12 CST 2018, time=2018-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289861, encodeId=58c4289861ed, content=益生元研究的进展., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Feb 22 07:22:46 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289859, encodeId=3f662898597d, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Thu Feb 22 07:17:31 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289573, encodeId=aa822895e351, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:11:17 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289558, encodeId=5ee1289558e1, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/15/8213228fe923915543544ad3da7e1c64.jpg, createdBy=6bd82014262, createdName=秀红, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 02:01:59 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506393, encodeId=03bb150639361, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5277e2246d9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生元#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72246, encryptionId=5277e2246d9, topicName=益生元)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d9ce9745957, createdName=mnda, createdTime=Mon Feb 19 01:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-01 121832a9m88暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2018-02-24 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-02-22 jyzxjiangqin

    益生元研究的进展.

    0

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    2018-02-22 yfjms

    学习学习

    0

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    2018-02-21 121832a9m88暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2018-02-21 秀红

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    2018-02-19 mnda

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