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人造血液何时替代人血?

2017-01-11 汤波 南方周末

由于献血不足,同时由于艾滋病及其它致病菌的威胁,血液制品的短缺一直是一个难题。得益于一些新技术的应用,十年后人造血液或许就会在急救手术、血液病治疗等方面得到广泛应用,以解决长期以来的血液制品短缺问题。科学家一直在努力研制人造血液,替代血液的某些或全部功能,以解决长期以来的血液制品短缺问题。不过这种看似简单的红色黏稠液体并不能轻易被模仿,更别说超越了,好在科学家们越挫越勇,更得益于一些新科技的加

由于献血不足,同时由于艾滋病及其它致病菌的威胁,血液制品的短缺一直是一个难题。

得益于一些新技术的应用,十年后人造血液或许就会在急救手术、血液病治疗等方面得到广泛应用,以解决长期以来的血液制品短缺问题。

科学家一直在努力研制人造血液,替代血液的某些或全部功能,以解决长期以来的血液制品短缺问题。不过这种看似简单的红色黏稠液体并不能轻易被模仿,更别说超越了,好在科学家们越挫越勇,更得益于一些新科技的加入,或许很快能破解这一重大医学难题。

即溶型人造血干粉有创意

血液最重要的功能是运输氧气,而运输氧气的载体则是红细胞中的血红蛋白,因此人造血液的主要思路正是找到能运输氧气的载体——红细胞或血红蛋白。2016年12月3日,美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学研究人员在美国血液学会第58届年会上宣布,他们研制出一种新的人工血液,不仅能模仿红细胞运输氧气,还能冷冻干燥后制成干粉,可储存一年以上,就像速溶咖啡一样,只要用水溶解,这种即溶型人造血粉就可立即给病人注射使用。

这是一项非常有创意的发明。要知道,一般人血的储存时间只有40天左右,而且从冷藏室取出数小时内必须使用,新鲜血液难以储存限制了其使用范围,也造成血液制品难以在战场等特殊环境使用。据美国CBS新闻网报道,战争中约70%的战士死于失血性休克,另外,美国每年约有2万严重创伤病人因失血过多死于前往急救中心的路上。一旦这种即溶型人造血临床试验成功,将能在战争或自然灾害中大规模应用,同时也能为一些急救患者争取宝贵的治疗时间。

当然,这项发明的主要创新点还是在于运输氧气的载体,研究人员利用一种人工合成的纳米材料将人血红蛋白包裹起来,形成一种人造红细胞,只有正常红细胞大小的2%。其中血红蛋白负责结合氧气和释放氧气,而包裹在外面的人造纳米聚合物外衣则能对体内酸碱环境作出反应,协助血红蛋白在肺脏内高pH环境下结合氧气,在其它组织器官的低pH环境则释放氧气,同时该纳米材料还具有免疫沉默的功能,不容易被机体免疫系统清除,从而不易产生其它类似产品经常引发的心脏病等严重副作用。

目前,该研究团队已经完成了临床前试验,证明这种人造血液能在体内正常结合和释放氧气。研究人员将实验大鼠血液抽掉40%,当注入这种人造红细胞后,处于昏迷的大鼠苏醒过来,进一步观察发现,相对只注射生理盐水的对照组,注射人造红细胞的大鼠主要血液指标均得到了显著改善,也观察到氧气运输趋于正常。这无疑让人们看到了这种即溶型人造血液救治出血性休克病人的希望。

作为主要研究人员,多科特教授对CBS记者表示,这种即溶型人造血液便于携带,易于储存,不过它并不能完全替代人血,主要因为这种人造血液在血液循环存留的时间较短,平均只有8-12小时,远远低于正常红细胞在体内的存活期,目前该研究团队也在进一步提升人造血液的存活期,但是可能很难达到正常红细胞的存活时间。如果临床试验能证明其能救醒那些因大量失血而昏迷的受伤者,这种即溶型人造血液将在战争或急救中发挥重要作用,以减少病人在送往医院途中的死亡率。对于临床应用前景,多科特教授则比较谨慎,他们正在申请临床试验,如果临床试验顺利,预计这种即溶型人造血液在未来十年之内能在临床上大规模应用。

干细胞人造血即将临床

利用干细胞治疗人类疾病,已经成为生命健康研究领域的热点,在研制人造血液的过程中,科学家们自然不会忘了几乎“无所不能”的干细胞。

十多年以来,多国科学家各显其能,利用人的造血干细胞、胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞技术大规模培养出具有结合氧气功能的红细胞,希望有朝一日能研制出可替代正常红细胞的人造血液。从众多前期研究来看,利用干细胞技术在体外大规模培养具有正常功能的红细胞并非难事,但是普遍缺乏有效的临床试验来验证这些人工培养的红细胞是否能在体内发挥结合和释放氧气的功能。

2011年,法国巴黎第六大学研究人员从外周血提取造血干细胞,再利用造血干细胞在实验室大规模培养出红细胞,并将这种人工培养的红细胞注射到志愿者体内,大约注射了100亿个人造红细胞,不过只相当于2毫升人血,研究人员发现它们在人体内的半衰期为26天,与正常红细胞相近,这也是世界上首次对人工培养的红细胞开展的临床试验。

2015年6月,英国国家医疗服务中心对外宣布,将在2017年开启人造红细胞临床试验。这些人造红细胞也是由造血干细胞在实验室分化培养出来的,而造血干细胞则是从孕妇捐献脐带血或正常人捐献的骨髓中分离得到的。该研究机构计划通过临床试验,比较人造红细胞与正常红细胞在人体内的存活时间、运输氧气功能等差异。研究人员希望这些人造红细胞能用于治疗镰刀状细胞性贫血、地中海贫血等需要长期输血的病症,并最终能用于急救输血。

这种干细胞人造红细胞有一个显著的优势就是不会携带艾滋病、乙肝等病毒,但是造血干细胞和胚胎干细胞都需要正常的捐献者,而且提取程序均较为复杂,往往需要手术,容易产生免疫兼容性问题和感染风险,而近几年发展起来的诱导多能干细胞技术则有望更好地解决这些问题。

据英国电讯报报道,苏格兰国家输血服务中心和英国爱丁堡大学的研究团队则利用诱导多能干细胞技术培养出人造红细胞,他们也计划在2017年初对3名地中海贫血患者开展临床试验,前期将向病人体内注射约5毫升的人造红细胞,以观察这种人造红细胞在体内的存活时间,以及是否具有氧气运输的正常功能。如果最终临床试验成功,通过这种干细胞技术生产的O型人造血将有望帮助几乎所有需要输血的病人。

牛血红蛋白捷足先登

除了上述两项前沿研究,更多的研发机构聚焦于全氟化碳和血红蛋白上。

全氟化碳是一种无色、稳定的液体。20世纪60年代,有科学家发现全氟化碳液体能结合大量的氧气,可达全氟化碳液体体积的40%-50%,甚至比正常血液携带氧气的能力都强,从而开启其作为血液替代品的研究历程。临床试验发现,全氟化碳虽然具有较强运输氧气的能力,但是往往会产生严重的副作用,导致大多数全氟化碳人造血产品最终均告失败。

天然血红蛋白则是人造血最主要的材料,既包括人源的血红蛋白,也包括牛源的血红蛋白,其中美国一家医药公司开发的一款牛源血红蛋白人造血产品“血纯(Hemopure)”成为少数被批准临床应用的产品。研究人员首先利用专利纯化技术从牛血中得到高纯度、无病原微生物的牛血红蛋白,再用戊二醛进行聚合,以提升这种人造血液的性能,并降低其副作用。迄今为止,该产品已在美国、南非和欧洲等多地开展了二十多项临床试验,受试病人超过800人。这些临床试验结果显示,该产品常温保存期在三年以上,与各种血型都具有较高的相容性,运输氧气的能力也并不比正常血液差,不过副作用发生率约比输血高出5%。

作为人造血液产品,血纯早在2001年就被南非政府批准用于外科贫血,这主要归因于南非是艾滋病发病率最高地区之一,据联合国艾滋病规划署数据显示,2015年南非艾滋病携带者达700万人,占人口总数的13%左右,献血存在较高的风险,因此利用人造血液替代人血可能是更好的选择。

考虑到血纯仍然存在一些副作用,而且存在疯牛病等动物源病毒感染风险,美国食品药品监督管理局还没有批准该产品。不过,美国海军医学研究中心等研究机构看好血纯的应用前景,计划在美国开展治疗致命性严重贫血的临床试验,以推动该产品在美国上市。

据英国每日电讯报报道,血纯曾经参与救治一位遭受严重车祸的澳大利亚女子,该女子33岁,遭遇车祸后身体多处严重受伤,导致大量失血,心脏几乎丧失功能,由于宗教信仰原因,她不能接受正常输血,但是可以接受血液替代品,她的主治医生正好对血纯比较熟悉,通过主治医生的多方沟通,最终从美国将血纯空运到墨尔本大学,注射到伤者体内后,成功将伤者从死亡边缘救了回来。这一案例无疑提振了血纯开发者的信心,也将增加血纯作为血液替代品在欧美等国获得批准的希望。

尽管应用前景巨大,这些人造血液产品都面临一些共同的问题,除了安全性和疗效有待临床试验验证之外,目前生产规模仍需大幅提高,生产成本有待大幅降低,才能满足未来对人造血液的需求。当然,科学家解决这些技术难题只是时间问题,或许十年以后人造血液将在急救手术、血液病治疗等方面得到广泛应用。

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authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=caed9138962, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Fri Jan 13 08:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169845, encodeId=28b51698454d, content=收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfBfgWn9nXBgH1sNSiaOAKhsKpN40jDHQKqcRzovau5VibLvREN8uxnu9sKoScBicHSiaDMmbveibFdrBiaD4k4IOPwlG/0, createdBy=b5d11730951, createdName=Jackie Li, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 15:14:49 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169782, encodeId=77ca169e823d, content=估计很难, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 08:35:31 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169734, encodeId=40e6169e34c2, content=安全性有望观察, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 04:15:14 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169731, encodeId=c840169e318b, content=学习新知识谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 03:31:53 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169727, encodeId=793d169e278f, content=真可以的话,那是大大的造福啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 02:42:54 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169704, encodeId=f00e169e04ce, content=能模仿红细胞运输氧气,还能冷冻干燥后制成干粉,可储存一年以上,就像速溶咖啡一样,只要用水溶解,这种即溶型人造血粉就可立即给病人注射使用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, 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createdBy=0a3a2500014, createdName=fmq_28614553, createdTime=Sat Aug 26 00:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176126, encodeId=4e7d1e612653, content=相信科学家解决这些技术难题只是时间问题,或许十年以后人造血液将在急救手术、血液病治疗等方面得到广泛应用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb312010075, createdName=1e1e9f15m71(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Feb 14 14:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1494531, encodeId=bd63149453173, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=084d9499599' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#造血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94995, encryptionId=084d9499599, topicName=造血)], attachment=null, 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 08:35:31 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169734, encodeId=40e6169e34c2, content=安全性有望观察, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 04:15:14 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169731, encodeId=c840169e318b, content=学习新知识谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 23:20:58 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 03:31:53 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169727, encodeId=793d169e278f, content=真可以的话,那是大大的造福啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 02:42:54 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169704, encodeId=f00e169e04ce, content=能模仿红细胞运输氧气,还能冷冻干燥后制成干粉,可储存一年以上,就像速溶咖啡一样,只要用水溶解,这种即溶型人造血粉就可立即给病人注射使用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 23:20:58 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-14 1e1e9f15m71(暂无匿称)

    相信科学家解决这些技术难题只是时间问题,或许十年以后人造血液将在急救手术、血液病治疗等方面得到广泛应用。

    0

  4. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 08:35:31 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169734, encodeId=40e6169e34c2, content=安全性有望观察, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 04:15:14 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169731, encodeId=c840169e318b, content=学习新知识谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 03:31:53 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169727, encodeId=793d169e278f, content=真可以的话,那是大大的造福啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 02:42:54 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169704, encodeId=f00e169e04ce, content=能模仿红细胞运输氧气,还能冷冻干燥后制成干粉,可储存一年以上,就像速溶咖啡一样,只要用水溶解,这种即溶型人造血粉就可立即给病人注射使用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 23:20:58 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-13 俅侠
  5. 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createdBy=0a3a2500014, createdName=fmq_28614553, createdTime=Sat Aug 26 00:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176126, encodeId=4e7d1e612653, content=相信科学家解决这些技术难题只是时间问题,或许十年以后人造血液将在急救手术、血液病治疗等方面得到广泛应用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb312010075, createdName=1e1e9f15m71(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Feb 14 14:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1494531, encodeId=bd63149453173, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=084d9499599' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#造血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94995, encryptionId=084d9499599, topicName=造血)], attachment=null, 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 08:35:31 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169734, encodeId=40e6169e34c2, content=安全性有望观察, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 04:15:14 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169731, encodeId=c840169e318b, content=学习新知识谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 03:31:53 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169727, encodeId=793d169e278f, content=真可以的话,那是大大的造福啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 02:42:54 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169704, encodeId=f00e169e04ce, content=能模仿红细胞运输氧气,还能冷冻干燥后制成干粉,可储存一年以上,就像速溶咖啡一样,只要用水溶解,这种即溶型人造血粉就可立即给病人注射使用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 23:20:58 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-12 Jackie Li

    收藏

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1708087, encodeId=ee1c1e0808786, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e00b251e5dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人造#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25175, encryptionId=e00b251e5dc, topicName=人造)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48aa31545372, createdName=zjshifan_98647316, createdTime=Mon Apr 17 13:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2044827, encodeId=a20c204482ee6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d462252130c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人造血液#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25213, encryptionId=d462252130c, topicName=人造血液)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 08:35:31 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169734, encodeId=40e6169e34c2, content=安全性有望观察, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 04:15:14 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169731, encodeId=c840169e318b, content=学习新知识谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 03:31:53 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169727, encodeId=793d169e278f, content=真可以的话,那是大大的造福啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 02:42:54 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169704, encodeId=f00e169e04ce, content=能模仿红细胞运输氧气,还能冷冻干燥后制成干粉,可储存一年以上,就像速溶咖啡一样,只要用水溶解,这种即溶型人造血粉就可立即给病人注射使用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 23:20:58 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-12 天涯183

    估计很难

    0

  7. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 08:35:31 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169734, encodeId=40e6169e34c2, content=安全性有望观察, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 04:15:14 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169731, encodeId=c840169e318b, content=学习新知识谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 03:31:53 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169727, encodeId=793d169e278f, content=真可以的话,那是大大的造福啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 02:42:54 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169704, encodeId=f00e169e04ce, content=能模仿红细胞运输氧气,还能冷冻干燥后制成干粉,可储存一年以上,就像速溶咖啡一样,只要用水溶解,这种即溶型人造血粉就可立即给病人注射使用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 23:20:58 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-12 明月清辉

    安全性有望观察

    0

  8. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 08:35:31 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169734, encodeId=40e6169e34c2, content=安全性有望观察, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 04:15:14 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169731, encodeId=c840169e318b, content=学习新知识谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 03:31:53 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169727, encodeId=793d169e278f, content=真可以的话,那是大大的造福啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 02:42:54 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169704, encodeId=f00e169e04ce, content=能模仿红细胞运输氧气,还能冷冻干燥后制成干粉,可储存一年以上,就像速溶咖啡一样,只要用水溶解,这种即溶型人造血粉就可立即给病人注射使用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 23:20:58 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-12 刘煜

    学习新知识谢谢分享。

    0

  9. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 03:31:53 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169727, encodeId=793d169e278f, content=真可以的话,那是大大的造福啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 02:42:54 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169704, encodeId=f00e169e04ce, content=能模仿红细胞运输氧气,还能冷冻干燥后制成干粉,可储存一年以上,就像速溶咖啡一样,只要用水溶解,这种即溶型人造血粉就可立即给病人注射使用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 23:20:58 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-12 187清风

    真可以的话,那是大大的造福啊

    0

  10. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 23:20:58 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-11 inter158

    能模仿红细胞运输氧气,还能冷冻干燥后制成干粉,可储存一年以上,就像速溶咖啡一样,只要用水溶解,这种即溶型人造血粉就可立即给病人注射使用。

    0

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