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新AAOS膝骨关节炎指南存争论

2013-07-02 MedSci MedSci原创

      近日,2012年美国科学院整形外科医生(AAOS)新修订的膝骨关节炎(OA)的临床实践指南已经成为争论的焦点(>>指南下载:2013 AAOS指南:膝关节骨性关节炎治疗)。       2008年版OA指南最明显的变化是强烈反对症状性膝骨关节炎患者关节内注射透明质酸

      近日,2012年美国科学院整形外科医生(AAOS)新修订的膝骨关节炎(OA)的临床实践指南已经成为争论的焦点(指南下载:AAOS 2013指南:膝关节骨性关节炎治疗)。
       2008年版OA指南最明显的变化是强烈反对症状性膝骨关节炎患者关节内注射透明质酸(HA粘度补充)。2012年修订的指南则反对使用针灸、氨基葡萄糖、硫酸软骨素以及关节镜灌洗原发性膝骨关节炎。指南还建议将乙酰氨基酚的最大剂量从4000 mg/天降至3000 mg/天。鉴于现有的证据不充分,指南对使用乙酰氨基酚,阿片类药物等药物持中立态度。
       负责开发临床实践指南的循证质量和价值AAOS委员会主席David S. Jevsevar博士谈到,现有14个评估关节内(HA)打针的研究。虽然个别研究发现有统计学的显著治疗效果,但结合后进行荟萃分析时,证据不符合最低临床重要的改进阈值。
       Jevsevar博士称,可能有小组对关节内HA反应有帮助,但还不能确定是哪个小组。有反应组的结果取决于厂家,但他们还没有这么做。他们对市场竞争的关心似乎超出了对产品的本身,甚至有反应的患者。他们已经做了产品对比研究,但没有研究结果。
       Jevsevar博士指出,即使现在发布的偏倚报告也未表现出有效的临床响应。一些研究员对这一发现非常挑剔,尤其是对临床实践有重要影响的。许多重要的前配套系统支持使用HA。在分析这些评论时发现有几个问题。研究没有指出偏倚,研究间异质性和最终建议及临床意义。

      关于对乙酰氨基酚的争论

       由于尚未定论,AAOS建议有膝骨关节炎症状但无法或反对使用对乙酰氨基酚、阿片类药物或疼痛补丁的患者使用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)或曲马多(AAOS工作组解决的15个地区中有7个判定有定论的证据支持或反对考虑具体的治疗)。
       Altman博士是洛杉矶美国加州大学风湿免疫科的名誉教授。他表示并不同意AAOS对乙酰氨基酚声明。美国大学放射学指南对乙酰氨基酚维持不变,并在2012年进行了审查。AAOS制定这些建议的过程存在问题。如果指南继续不支持使用大多数药物,难道用安慰剂治疗病人?
       根据Roy Altman医师的经验,单独使用对乙酰氨基酚试验至少4 g/天时才能观察出骨关节炎有何效果。如果单独使用3 g/天的低剂量也有可能无效的。已公布的研究未观察联合对乙酰氨基酚在实际中治疗效果。对乙酰氨基酚联合曲马多用药比曲马多单用更有效。
       Jevsevar博士称,如果对乙酰氨基酚在治疗膝关节骨性关节炎时常联用其他药物,那应该进行相关的研究,但是他们并没有。我们评估了乙酰氨基酚单独治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效。实际上关于该主题只有一项出色的研究,该研究结果表明,对乙酰氨基酚(4 g)无效。我们在指南中添加乙酰氨基酚的原因是因为它价格低廉且可能填补了一项空白。我们不认为它比非甾体抗炎药或关节内注射皮质类固醇有效,但对于那些其他治疗方案无效的患者,它可能会给一个小的好处。
       指南的其他主要建议包括,患者只显示骨关节炎症状并没有其他的问题,如松散的机构或半月板撕裂,不应使用关节镜灌洗治疗。身体质量指数(BMI)大于25的患者应至少把体重降低5%。患者应增加低冲击有氧运动。
       Jevsevar博士和Altman博士都担心,保险公司和其他第三方付款人将使用AAOS指南拒绝承保。
       Altman博士称,不希望指南覆盖使用指南,但纳税人会这么做。临床实践指南的意思提供最新最好的信息。
       几乎所有的指南称药物建议应包括每个患者和医师,但指南只是建议。问题在于第三方付款人如何使用指南判定什么是基本的经济决策。
       Jevsevar博士总结说,循证医学是医生的判断,患者的价值观和证据。这几项都是平等的。
       Jevsevar博士接受美国Medacta和全生命科学的财政支持。Altman博士无相关财务问题。

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    2013-12-27 yinhl1978
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    2014-04-28 lisa438
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    2013-07-04 lmm397
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