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Science:研究显示进行针对HIV的抗逆转录病毒疗法是值得的

2013-03-06 EurekAlert!中文 EurekAlert!中文

本周《科学》期刊中的两则新的研究证明,在南非农村地区的夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省为扩大针对HIV的抗逆转录病毒治疗(Antiretroviral Therapy)的规模所付出的巨大资金投入是值得的。首先,Jacob Bor及其同事对具有里程碑意义的HIV预防试验网络052试验——或HPTN 052——进行了追踪,该试验显示,感染了HIV的人如果服用抗逆转录病毒药物,其传播病毒给他们性伴侣的可能性减少了96%

本周《科学》期刊中的两则新的研究证明,在南非农村地区的夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省为扩大针对HIV的抗逆转录病毒治疗(Antiretroviral Therapy)的规模所付出的巨大资金投入是值得的。首先,Jacob Bor及其同事对具有里程碑意义的HIV预防试验网络052试验——或HPTN 052——进行了追踪,该试验显示,感染了HIV的人如果服用抗逆转录病毒药物,其传播病毒给他们性伴侣的可能性减少了96%,他们还发现自抗逆转录病毒治疗在夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔扩展以来,该地区的成年人预期寿命增加了11.3年。这样的治疗每年在每个人身上的花费大约为500到900美元,因此,就扩大这种治疗规模是否合理一直存在着很大的争议。但是,这些研究人员在2000至2011年期间——即在该地区扩大抗逆转录病毒治疗之前4年及之后8年——在一个大约有10万人的人群中分析了成人预期寿命的改变,并确认了抗逆转录病毒治疗对生存的收益是治疗成本的26倍而且还要多。这项研究确实有许多固有的局限性,因为,在夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔地区抗逆转录病毒治疗规模增加的同时,人们获取清洁用水及电力的情况也得到了改善。然而,据研究人员披露,即使是在最坏的情况下,在南部非洲扩大抗逆转录病毒治疗的规模仍然会对挽救生命和节约资金有帮助。

在另外一则研究中,Frank Tanser及其同事发现,在撒哈拉以南的“真实世界”环境中,感染HIV的风险在加大抗逆转录病毒治疗规模时明显地减少了。在2004年扩大了抗逆转录病毒治疗之后,这些研究人员对一则研究所涉及的夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔地区的近1.7万名未被感染者进行了为期8年的跟踪随访。他们发现,与抗逆转录病毒治疗覆盖率低下的地区相比,生活在抗逆转录病毒治疗覆盖率高的地区的未感染者感染该病毒的可能性下降了38%。综合来看,这些研究提示,HPTN 052的结果远非偶然事件——而《科学》杂志挑选这项试验作为2011 的“年度突破” 则预兆了以上这种情况的发生。

DOI: 10.1126/science.1230413 
PMC:
PMID:

Increases in Adult Life Expectancy in Rural South Africa: Valuing the Scale-Up of HIV Treatment

Jacob Bor1,2,*, Abraham J. Herbst1, Marie-Louise Newell1,3, Till B?rnighausen1,2

The scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is expected to raise adult life expectancy in populations with high HIV prevalence. Using data from a population cohort of over 101,000 individuals in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, we measured changes in adult life expectancy for 2000–2011. In 2003, the year before ART became available in the public-sector health system, adult life expectancy was 49.2 years; by 2011, adult life expectancy had increased to 60.5 years—an 11.3-year gain. Based on standard monetary valuation of life, the survival benefits of ART far outweigh the costs of providing treatment in this community. These gains in adult life expectancy signify the social value of ART and have implications for the investment decisions of individuals, governments, and donors.

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    2013-11-15 mjldent
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    2013-12-04 hxj0117
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    2013-03-08 jichang
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