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JNNP:ALS周围神经病变:表型关联

2020-12-29 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种罕见的进行性神经退行性疾病,主要累及上下运动神经元,但也引起多系统病症,特别是与认知功能改变有关。过去曾描述过轻微的感觉纤维功能障碍,最近的研究也证实了这一点。 在一项

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种罕见的进行性神经退行性疾病,主要累及上下运动神经元,但也引起多系统病症,特别是与认知功能改变有关。过去曾描述过轻微的感觉纤维功能障碍,最近的研究也证实了这一点。 在一项多中心研究中,对88例ALS患者进行了调查,其中12.5%的患者出现了感觉性多发性神经病(PNP),不受年龄、病程和发病部位的影响。这项研究中目的是重新了解评估PNP在ALS患者中的患病率和危险因素。大量的变量,包括基因突变。
 
对里斯本的ALS患者(2015年1月-2018年1月)进行了前瞻性随访,连续纳入OnWebDuals登记,以测试临床特征和基因型对PNP患病率的影响。我们纳入了年龄超过18岁的患者,根据修订后的El Escorial标准,并符合Awaji电生理指南,可能或明确的ALS。排除已知PNP、明显下肢水肿、单克隆丙种球蛋白病和神经生理学检查不全的患者。记录年龄、性别、发病部位、病程、诊断前体重减轻(>10%)、糖尿病或癌症史、既往化疗或接触神经毒性药物史以及SOD1和C9orf72突变。疾病持续时间是指从肌无力发作到神经生理检查之间的时间,神经生理检查是在诊断时或从其他中心转诊的患者进行确认性评估时进行的。
 
作为评估方案的一部分,研究进行了标准化的神经传导研究。运动传导研究包括双侧腓神经和右侧尺神经(远端潜伏期和速度),包括F波(潜伏期和持续时间)。双侧腓神经(小腿远端、足背)记录感觉动作电位(SNAP)(传导速度和振幅),如果其中一个或两个异常,则双侧记录腓肠神经。通过表面电极进行刺激和记录,皮肤温度保持在30°C以上。SNAP波幅<平均值+2.5 SD(与历史对照组的年龄和性别匹配的受试者相比)被视为异常。PNP的定义是腓神经有一个或两个异常断开加上腓肠神经有一个或两个异常断开。根据Awaji指南,轻度PNP的存在不应排除ALS的诊断,考虑到临床表现和全套神经生理学异常。4例有神经病神经生理学体征的ALS患者分为第2组(G2)和第1组(G1)。采用Mann-Whitney U检验和χ2或Fisher精确检验分别研究连续变量和分类变量组间的差异。Logistic回归分析用于确定PNP(二元因变量)的独立预测因子。p<0.05被认为是显著的。
 
我们纳入了339例ALS患者,其中男性191例(56.3%),脊柱型(n=243,71.7%),延髓型(n=75,22.1%),呼吸型(n=8,2.4%),轴型(n=6,1.8%),认知型(n=5,1.5%)和全身型(n=2,0.6%)。每个患者的临床和神经生理学数据都是完整的,而SOD1和C9Orf72突变分别在130和233名患者中进行了检测。
 
在整个研究人群中,29名患者有PNP(8.6%,G2),而310名患者没有PNP(91.4%,G1)。G2期所有患者的snap均表现为轻度或中度波幅降低,19例感觉传导速度接近临界值,10例感觉传导速度稍有降低。没有病人有神经病变的症状。除性别、年龄和呼吸发作频率外,各组间的所有人口统计学变量相似(p>0.05)。G2的特征是男性比例较高(54.5%G1 vs 75.9%G2,p=0.027),年龄较大(61.00±13.5%G1 vs 67.31±13.3%G2,p=0.01),呼吸起病频率较高(p=0.024)。Logistic回归,包括方法部分定义的所有变量,证实年龄(p=0.014)、性别(p=0.024)和呼吸(p=0.037)是PNP的独立预测因子。年龄增加一年,PNP风险增加1.044(CI 1.009至1.08);女性降低PNP风险0.644(CI 0.145至0.874);呼吸系统发作增加PNP风险5.4(CI 1.108至26.156)。
 
8.6%的ALS患者存在PNP,因为ALS患者往往四肢冰冷,通过使皮肤温度正常化,不可能保证动作电位沿轴突的正常传播速度。糖尿病史、诊断时体重减轻、癌症、化疗或SOD1和C9orf72 HRE突变与PNP无关。PNP的发病以老年男性最为明显。也会有许多可能的潜在原因,即高代谢状态和营养因素,未代偿性外周缺氧可导致这组患者的外周神经损伤。研究的进一步局限性在于,少数患者出现呼吸系统疾病,一些患者缺乏基因检测,缺乏关于营养状况和神经生理学随访检查的详细信息。然而,提出了ALS中PNP危险因素的最完整评估,特别是通过包括遗传发现和精确的表型特征,以及标准化的神经生理学数据。老年男性呼吸性肌萎缩侧索硬化症有较高的风险PNP。对这些患者进行NIV的随访研究对于了解缺氧在引起周围神经功能障碍中的可能作用是必要的。
 
deCarvalho MGromicho MAndersen P, et al Peripheral neuropathy in ALS: phenotype association
 
 

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    2020-12-31 axin012
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    2020-12-31 tastas
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    2020-12-29 水-晶

    每天来学习了

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原发性侧索硬化症(PLS)是一种罕见的上运动神经元(UMNs)退化性疾病,临床表现为进行性痉挛。疾病的进展比肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)慢。PLS的诊断不确定性由于缺乏特定的神经化学生物标记而变得复杂

Nat Neurosci 外周巨噬细胞可能会延长ALS患者存活时间

调节巨噬细胞具有影响疾病进展的能力,可能对ALS具有治疗价值。

J Neurol Neurosur Ps:吸烟与肌萎缩性侧索硬化症之间的关系

通过使用大样本量和敏感性分析,研究人员没有发现吸烟会导致ALS。其他吸烟情况,例如当前吸烟,可能适合将来的孟德尔随机研究。

JNNP:ALS患者不同认知损伤水平的脑代谢变化:一项18F-FDG-PET研究

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种致命的神经系统疾病,影响上下运动神经元,导致患者进行性肌无力和肌肉萎缩。由于呼吸衰竭,死亡通常在3年内发生。 临床、遗传和病理数据表明ALS与另一种神经退行性疾病之间存

JNNP:非靶向代谢组学研究ALS的发病机制

肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种进行性的、致命的运动神经元变性疾病,其特点是复杂的基因和疾病机制,以及环境的影响。 虽然少数基因与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)密切相关,但在大多数散发病例中,遗传原因尚

JAMA Neurol:Ezogabine对ALS患者皮层和脊髓运动神经元兴奋性的影响

Ezogabine降低了ALS患者的皮层和脊髓运动神经元的兴奋性,提示这种神经生理学指标可以作为临床试验的药效学生物标志物

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