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NEJM:氢化可的松联合氟氢可的松降低脓毒性休克者的死亡率

2018-03-31 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

脓毒性休克的特征为宿主对感染的反应失调,导致威胁生命的循环、细胞和代谢异常。短期死亡率为45-50%,50%的幸存者将遗留长期认知功能下降。对于脓毒症的治疗,目前仅推荐早期血流动力学管理、呼吸复苏以及给予适当的抗生素治疗,尚无被证明有效的额外治疗方案。最初的试验发现人类重组活化蛋白C和drotrecogin @(活化)对脓毒症的生存是有益的,但是未被随后的试验确认,这直接导致了Xigris(dro

脓毒性休克的特征为宿主对感染的反应失调,导致威胁生命的循环、细胞和代谢异常。短期死亡率为45-50%,50%的幸存者将遗留长期认知功能下降。对于脓毒症的治疗,目前仅推荐早期血流动力学管理、呼吸复苏以及给予适当的抗生素治疗,尚无被证明有效的额外治疗方案。最初的试验发现人类重组活化蛋白C和drotrecogin @(活化)对脓毒症的生存是有益的,但是未被随后的试验确认,这直接导致了Xigris(drotrecogin @)退市。

动物实验和临床研究发现脓毒症与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺反应失调有关,这涉及到从皮质醇的产生到皮质醇使用的每一个环节。20世纪中期,人们开始使用皮质醇治疗严重感染。不过,虽然大量试验评价了获益风险比率,但是仍然存在争议。对这些试验进行生存获益的定量分析也取得了不同或矛盾的结果。试验结果的异质性也导致了临床实践的差异,据调查1/3医生认为皮质醇能够改善脓毒性休克患者的生存率,1/3医生认为不能,剩下1/3不能确认。

产生临床医生认识上差异的原因可能与两项最大型试验有关。尽管两个试验皆发现对血流动力学和器官障碍有益,但是仅一项试验发现生存获益。产生这种差异可能与试验的研究设计有关。

为了减少这种差异,2018年3月来自法国的D. Annane等在NEJM上公布了CRICS-TRIGGERSEP Network试验结果,目的在于验乞氢化可的松联合氟氢可的松或drotrecogin alfa(活化)是否能够改善脓毒性休克患者临床预后。

该研究为多中心、双盲、随机对照、2 * 2析因设计的临床试验,共分为四组:1.氢化可的松联合氟氢可的松组,2.drotrecogin alfa组,3.上述三种药物联合组,4.各自安慰剂组。由于2011年drotrecogin alfa提前退市,最终作者仅分析了氢化可的松联合氟氢可的松或安慰剂的结果。

该研究纳入的患者为入住ICU的脓毒性休克(确诊或很可能)不足24h的患者。脓毒性休克定义为临床或微生物学表现为感染,SOFA 3分或4分(至少2个器官),至少6h,给予了升压药物治疗(去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素或其他升压药物,剂量>= 0.25 ug/kg/min或>=1 mg/h)至少6h,血压维持在SBP至少90mmHg,DBP至少65mmHg。

给药方法:1.氢化可的松,每次50mg,6h一次,静脉推注;2.氟氢可的松,每次50ug,每天一次,鼻胃管服用。共使用7天,不逐渐减量。

主要终点为90天全因死亡。

该研究共纳入了1241例患者。氢化可的松联合氟氢可的松组和安慰剂组90天死亡率分别为43%和49.1%(P = 0.03)。氢化可的松联合氟氢可的松组死亡的相对风险为0.88(95% CI, 0.78 to 0.99)。氢化可的松联合氟氢可的松组28天内不使用升压药物的天数明显高于安慰剂(17 vs 15天,P < 0.001),28天内无器官衰竭的天数也明显高于安慰剂(14 vs 12天,P = 0.003)。氢化可的松联合氟氢可的松组和安慰剂组未使用呼吸机的天数分别为11和10天(P = 0.07)。两组严重不良事件没有显著性差异,但是氢化可的松联合氟氢可的松组高血糖更常见。

最终作者认为氢化可的松联合氟氢可的松能够显著降低脓毒性休克患者90天全因死亡率(vs 安慰剂)。

译者注:

氢化可的松为糖皮质激素,氟氢可的松为盐皮质激素。

原始出处:

Djillali Annane, Alain Renault, Christian Brun-Buisson. Hydrocortisone plus Fludrocortisone for Adults with Septic Shock. N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 1;378(9):809-818. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1705716.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1687095, encodeId=f3bd168e095e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b038851865c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脓毒性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85186, encryptionId=b038851865c, topicName=脓毒性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd9828318255, createdName=1249857fm41暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Jul 18 18:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=303049, encodeId=ac8930304924, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Apr 05 18:59:08 CST 2018, time=2018-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1290278, encodeId=b44112902e89b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d058518e56' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脓毒性休克#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85187, encryptionId=7d058518e56, topicName=脓毒性休克)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Mon Apr 02 01:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1417468, encodeId=8e7d141e4682e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09ca6395150' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氢化可的松#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63951, encryptionId=09ca6395150, topicName=氢化可的松)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88b63287356, createdName=cmj9wellington, createdTime=Mon Apr 02 01:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=301643, encodeId=1b693016437d, content=好文献.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sun Apr 01 07:36:58 CST 2018, time=2018-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-05 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2018-04-01 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献.学习了

    0

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本研究的主要目的是评价对于难治性感染性休克发生短期血流动力学紊乱的患者,血管加压素(AVP)联合氢化可的松(HCT)治疗和其单独治疗疗效的影响。

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脓毒症是由微生物感染引起的宿主免疫反应失调,导致危及生命的器官功能障碍。败血症死亡率高达60%,是医学上的一种挑战。脓毒性休克与血管功能障碍及肺毛细血管通透性升高密切相关。

JAMA:氢化可的松能预防脓毒症患者感染性休克的发展吗?

辅助氢化可的松治疗无休克的严重脓毒症患者,疗效如何?本研究的目的是,评估氢化可的松治疗能否预防严重脓毒症患者感染性休克的发展。本项双盲、随机临床试验时间为2009年1月13日-2013年8月27日,随访180天,直到2014年2月23日。包括380名成人重度脓毒症患者,没有感染性休克。患者按1:1被随机分配为持续输注氢化可的松200毫克,5天之后,剂量逐渐减少直到11天(n = 190)或安慰剂(

JAMA:早期使用低剂量氢化可的松对早产儿的神经发育有益处么?

地塞米松用于防止早产新生儿的支气管肺发育不良与不良神经发育事件有关。据报道,早期使用低剂量氢化可的松治疗可以改善生存期,无支气管肺发育不良,但是其对神经发育的安全性尚待评估。近期,一项发表在权威杂志JAMA上的研究评估了早产儿早期使用氢化可的松治疗是否与2岁以上的神经发育障碍相关。此项研究为PREMILOC(早期低剂量氢化可的松改善无支气管肺发育不良早产儿的生存率)的随机临床试验,于2008年至2

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