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Cancer Cell:雷公藤可能通过抑制MCL1基因治疗肿瘤

2012-04-17 Beyond 生物谷

研究小组分析探讨了癌症中最常见的基因改变后,为开发抑制这种基因的药物奠定了关键基础。一项癌症遗传学研究指出MCL1基因所编码的蛋白质有助于保持细胞存活。这项新的研究针对抑制MCL1活性的化合物,并且研究了能预测肿瘤生存是否依赖于MCL1的一个重要伴侣基因。总之,该研究为开发靶向MCL1的新疗法铺平了道路。 Broad癌症计划项目Todd Golub、癌症研究所人类癌症基因研究者主任Charles

研究小组分析探讨了癌症中最常见的基因改变后,为开发抑制这种基因的药物奠定了关键基础。一项癌症遗传学研究指出MCL1基因所编码的蛋白质有助于保持细胞存活。这项新的研究针对抑制MCL1活性的化合物,并且研究了能预测肿瘤生存是否依赖于MCL1的一个重要伴侣基因。总之,该研究为开发靶向MCL1的新疗法铺平了道路。

Broad癌症计划项目Todd Golub、癌症研究所人类癌症基因研究者主任Charles A. Dana在Dana-Farber说:MCL1是癌症治疗靶标并不是显而易见。Golub也是在哈佛医学院霍华德·休斯医学研究所教授。但是,一旦明确我们希望在肿瘤细胞中关闭MCL1,我们面临另外两个问题:我们不知道肿瘤生存是否依赖于MCL1,而且也没有发现药物能抑制该信号通路。

Cancer Cell杂志上的论文中, Golub和他的同事鉴定了能降低MCL1基因表达的几种化学成分,并且揭示了MCL1和促进肿瘤生存基因(BCL-XL)之间的关系。该研究小组利用Broad研究所的资源,包括最近出版的癌症细胞株百科全书(CCLE)和RNAi筛选技术,以便更好地了解如何靶向作用于MCL1。

MCL1经常在人类癌症中表达提高,也就是说,在肿瘤中该基因有多个副本。抑制肿瘤细胞株的MCL1,能确定哪些肿瘤细胞依赖于MCL1生存。然后,研究人员寻找一种遗传性的标记,准确地预测哪些细胞株依赖于MCL1生存。基因BCL-XL保护肿瘤细胞免于死亡显然是最好的预测指标。基因BCL-XL的存在,癌细胞就能够生存,甚至当MCL1被抑制后也能生存。

针对BCL-XL的药物目前在临床试验中。这项新的研究揭示了肿瘤细胞中两个基因的高表达,针对这两个基因的联合疗法可有效治疗肿瘤。

研究人员还测试了近3000个化合物,寻找那些能抑制MCL1表达的化合物。化合物之一是天然化合物雷公藤,为了确定雷公藤的功效,研究人员利用Broad创建的资源:Connectivity Map,利用此资源研究人员可以将药物、基因和疾病相联系起来。

基于Connectivity Map,研究人员发现雷公藤似乎是一个经典的转录酶抑制剂,也就是说,它应该可能会抑制所有基因的表达。如果你使用一个转录酶抑制剂的剂量,结果会发现大多数基因转录会以一个温和的速度减少,但MCL1的水平会急剧下降。”

转录酶抑制剂如雷公藤可能对研究MCL1的生物功能探测有用,但Golub强调:用化学基因组学方法以找到一种方式来抑制MCL1,目前,我们决心找到更好的MCL1的小分子抑制剂。

doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.028
PMC:
PMID:

Chemical Genomics Identifies Small-Molecule MCL1 Repressors and BCL-xL as a Predictor of MCL1 Dependency

Guo Wei, Adam A. Margolin, Leila Haery, Emily Brown, Lisa Cucolo, Bina Julian, Shyemaa Shehata, Andrew L. Kung, Rameen Beroukhim, Todd R. GolubSee

MCL1, which encodes the antiapoptotic protein MCL1, is among the most frequently amplified genes in human cancer. A chemical genomic screen identified compounds, including anthracyclines, that decreased MCL1 expression. Genomic profiling indicated that these compounds were global transcriptional repressors that preferentially affect MCL1 due to its short mRNA half-life. Transcriptional repressors and MCL1 shRNAs induced apoptosis in the same cancer cell lines and could be rescued by physiological levels of ectopic MCL1 expression. Repression of MCL1 released the proapoptotic protein BAK from MCL1, and Bak deficiency conferred resistance to transcriptional repressors. A computational model, validated in vivo, indicated that high BCL-xL expression confers resistance to MCL1 repression, thereby identifying a patient-selection strategy for the clinical development of MCL1 inhibitors.

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    2012-11-02 respect
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    2012-08-05 维他命

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