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J Clin Oncol:采用MEK抑制剂Selumetinib治疗携带MAPK通路变异的恶性肿瘤

2022-04-16 Nebula MedSci原创

仅根据MAPK通路变异情况不足以预测恶性肿瘤儿童患者对MEK抑制剂司美替尼单药治疗的反应性

NCI-COG儿童MATCH试验将1-21岁的复发或难治性实体肿瘤、淋巴瘤和组织细胞疾病患者分配到II期研究中,基于预先定义的基因变异的检测,予以分子靶向治疗。携带驱动丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路激活突变或融合的肿瘤患者接受MEK抑制剂Selumetinib(司美替尼)治疗。

本文汇报了该试验中接受司美替尼治疗的患者预后。

受试患者每日服用两次司美替尼,28天为一疗程,直到病情进展或出现不可耐受的毒性。主要终点是客观缓解率;次要终点包括无进展生存率和司美替尼的耐受性。


检出的突变

共有20位患者(中位年龄 14岁)接受了治疗,均可被纳入疗效和安全性分析。最多的肿瘤类型是高级别神经胶质瘤(HCG,n=7)和横纹肌肉瘤(n=7)。共检测到21个可采取行动的突变:KRAS(n=8)、NRAS(n=3)和HRAS(n=1)的热点突变,NF1的激活性突变(n=7)和BRAF V600E(n=2)。


无进展生存率

未观察到客观缓解。3位患者的最佳缓解状态是病情保持稳定,包括两位高级别神经胶质瘤(一位携带NF1突变,接受了6个疗程的治疗;另一位携带KRAS突变,接受了12个疗程的治疗)。6个月无进展生存率是15%。5位(25%)患者经历了3级及以上的不良反应,可能与研究药物相关。

总之,在即将完成的第一个儿童MATCH治疗组中,一项国家性的组织学未知分子筛查策略可有效地筛查适用司美替尼治疗的儿童和青年患者。MEK抑制剂已在一些儿童肿瘤中显示出了良好的疗效(如低级别神经胶质瘤和神经纤维瘤)。但是,在该研究队列携带MAPK变异的难治性肿瘤中,司美替尼的疗效有限,提示仅该通路突变状态不足以预测恶性肿瘤儿童患者对司美替尼单药治疗的反应。

原始出处:

Olive S. Eckstein, et al. Phase II Study of Selumetinib in Children and Young Adults With Tumors Harboring Activating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Genetic Alterations: Arm E of the NCI-COG Pediatric MATCH Trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. April 1, 2022. https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.21.02840

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    2022-07-23 lidong51
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    2022-08-15 一闲
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    2022-12-08 minlingfeng
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    2022-07-09 jklm09
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    2022-06-05 naiwu77
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