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2018 ASN:美国肾脏病学会肾病周实时资讯--FGF23与磷代谢的全局视角

2018-10-28 MedSci MedSci原创

前言2018年ASN(美国肾脏病学会)肾病周已于美国当地时间10月25日正式开幕,本次会议在美国西海岸的海滨城市圣地亚哥举行。ASN肾病周旨在通过专业人员的学术交流,以分享最新的研究进展,推进肾病研究,引领抗击肾脏疾病的斗争。会议上,有关磷代谢关键调节因子FGF23的综合性论述全局性地阐释了FGF23水平与慢性肾病(CKD)患者的疾病进程、死亡率之间的紧密关系,更进一步论述了FGF23水平对C

前言

2018年ASN(美国肾脏病学会)肾病周已于美国当地时间10月25日正式开幕,本次会议在美国西海岸的海滨城市圣地亚哥举行。ASN肾病周旨在通过专业人员的学术交流,以分享最新的研究进展,推进肾病研究,引领抗击肾脏疾病的斗争。会议上,有关磷代谢关键调节因子FGF23的综合性论述全局性地阐释了FGF23水平与慢性肾病(CKD)患者的疾病进程、死亡率之间的紧密关系,更进一步论述了FGF23水平对CKD患者血磷调控的关键位置。那么在这篇报道中,编者将全方位为您呈现FGF23与磷代谢的全局视角,一同学习如何通过FGF23与磷代谢的管理来优化CKD患者的治疗。



FGF23水平随CKD的恶化而升高

成纤维细胞生长因子23(Fibroblast growth factor,FGF23)已被证明是明确的磷调节激素。主要由骨骼中骨细胞合成分泌,少数由成骨细胞和软骨细胞分泌,在骨、甲状旁腺、胸腺、心脏和其他组织器官中也均有表达。FGF23是维生素D和磷代谢的关键调节因子,可通过调节血磷、维生素D、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)等骨代谢相关因子参与骨代谢过程,同时,FGF23也在早期慢性肾脏病(CKD)参与血磷代谢的调节。



研究表明,FGF23水平在慢性肾病早期(2期CKD)即明显上升,并随着疾病进程的加重而持续上升,在终末期肾病(ESRD)患者中具有极高的水平(图1)。并且FGF23水平与发病率和死亡率独立相关[1]。因此,可以肯定的是,FGF23在CKD的发生发展中起着重要作用。



图1. FGF23在健康人群、慢性肾脏疾病(CKD,橙色条带)、终末期肾病(ESRD,橙色条带)及肾脏移植患者(Tx,橙色条带)中的代表性水平

FGF23水平的升高增加了血液透析患者的死亡率

目前已知,高磷血症和低1,25-二羟维生素D水平与CKD患者的死亡率相关,但FGF-23水平对死亡率的影响尚不清楚。Gutiérrez等证明,与正血磷常水平患者(每分升3.5至4.5 mg [1.1-1.4 mmol / L)相比,最高四分位数的血清磷酸盐水平(>每分升5.5 mg [1.8 mmol / L])患者的死亡风险增加了20%(风险比:1.2;95%置信区间[CI],1.1-1.4)(图2)。多变量调整分析显示,增加的FGF-23水平与死亡风险的单向增加相关[2]。Gutiérrez等指出未来的研究应着重于FGF23在慢性肾病患者磷平衡管理的策略之上。


图2. FGF-23水平的四分位数与死亡率之间的优势比(Odds Ratio)

“在会议上,讲者总结道,多项临床研究证实,FGF23水平与血磷水平在CKD患者中显著升高,且与患者的死亡率及恶化程度相关。那么在CKD患者中,FGF23与血磷水平是否存在联系?降低血磷水平能否降低FGF23的水平?降低的FGF23水平又是否能够改善治疗结果呢?带着这些问题,讲者从CKD患者的蛋白摄入、磷结合剂的效果及磷结合剂的类型等方面谈论了降低FGF23水平的研究。”

饮食结构对血磷水平及FGF23水平的影响

Scialla等通过对慢性肾功能不全患者的队列研究证明,植物蛋白的摄入与CKD患者的FGF23和血清碳酸氢盐水平的下降相关。研究人员认为,CKD患者磷酸盐的生物利用度较低且FGF23水平较高,但来自植物的蛋白质,与来自动物的蛋白质相反,植物蛋白质可降低CKD患者的FGF23水平和血清碳酸氢盐水平,因此植物来源的蛋白质是CKD患者的首选[3]。


图3. 对数FGF23的差异森林图

磷结合剂降低FGF23水平的有效性

下边,就是本次讲者介绍的重点内容,涉及磷结合剂在临床上降低FGF23水平的有效性,特别是碳酸镧的有效性。Liabeuf等探究了司维拉姆碳酸盐对3b/4期CKD患者血清Klotho和FGF23水平的影响,78例CKD患者符合纳入标准,平均分为司维拉姆组和安慰剂组,治疗12周后,司维拉默组和安慰剂组患者尿液磷酸盐水平下降,但两组患者血清FGF23及磷酸盐水平均无显著差异[4]。

那么,如何切实降低磷酸盐水平及FGF23水平呢?讲者认为,对于ESRD患者,磷结合剂可以降低FGF23水平,其中铁剂效果更显著;对于CKD患者,非含钙磷结合剂碳酸镧的联合使用是降低磷酸盐水平及FGF23水平的有效途径。

Isakova等认为减少膳食磷酸盐摄入或吸收可降低FGF23水平,且限磷饮食和磷酸盐结合剂的联合使用能够进一步降低CKD患者的FGF23水平。在Isakova的试验中,39名3/4期的CKD患者被随机分为四组:随意饮食加安慰剂(n = 10),900毫克磷酸盐饮食加安慰剂(n = 10),随意饮食加碳酸镧(LC)(n = 11),900毫克磷酸盐饮食加碳酸镧(LC)(n = 8)。LC的剂量为每天三次,每次1000毫克。主要终点是FGF23水平相比于基线的变化。然而,900毫克磷酸盐饮食联合碳酸镧的双重干预显著降低了整个研究期间的FGF23水平(P = 0.02),在研究结束时,该组患者FGF23水平降低了35%(95%置信区间,8%-62%)(图5)。因此,限磷饮食和磷结合剂的联合使用可显著降低FGF23的水平[5](图4)。


图4. 限磷饮食和磷结合剂的联合使用可以显著降低磷酸盐水平及FGF23水平

与此同时,Yu-Ming Chang等来自台湾的学者开展一项为期24周的多中心、前瞻性、随机对照研究,并在营养学家的指导下制定合理的限磷饮食方案。旨在比较碳酸镧和碳酸钙单药治疗对慢性血液透析(CHD)患者的血磷、FGF23、铁调素、高敏CRP以及其他和矿物质与骨代谢紊乱(CKD-MBD)相关生物标志物水平的影响。结果显示,治疗24周后,共有25例患者完成实验,碳酸镧组中位血清FGF23的水平显著下降(8677.5±7490.0 vs. 4692.8±5348.3pg/mL,p=0.013, n=13),但碳酸钙组未见降低(n=12)。碳酸镧组血清铁调素的降低与血磷水平的降低(r=0.631,p=0.021)和血清高敏CRP(r=0.670,p=0.012)水平的下降均明确相关。血清总碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、iPTH、维生素D、胎球蛋白A和骨调素水平在治疗前后没有显著变化[6](图5)。


图5. 治疗前后的混合模型分析

总结

目前已知了FGF23水平与血磷水平在CKD患者中显著升高,且与患者的死亡率及恶化程度相关,那么控制CKD患者的FGF23水平与血磷水平便是当务之急,值得庆幸的是,磷结合剂碳酸镧与限磷饮食的联合使用能够显著降低FGF23的水平,降低患者死亡率,这为慢性肾病的临床提供了范例。

参考文献

[1] Schnedl, Christian, et al. "FGF23 in acute and chronic illness." Disease markers 2015 (2015).
[2] Gutiérrez, Orlando M., et al. "Fibroblast growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis." New England Journal of Medicine 359.6 (2008): 584-592.
[3] Scialla, Julia J., et al. "Plant protein intake is associated with fibroblast growth factor 23 and serum bicarbonate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study." Journal of Renal Nutrition 22.4 (2012): 379-388.
[4] Liabeuf, Sophie, et al. "Randomized clinical trial of sevelamer carbonate on serum klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in CKD." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12.12 (2017): 1930-1940.
[5] Isakova, Tamara, et al. "Effects of dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders on FGF23 levels in CKD." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 8.6 (2013): 1009-1018.
[6] Chang, Yu-Ming, et al. "Effects of lanthanum carbonate and calcium carbonate on fibroblast growth factor 23 and hepcidin levels in chronic hemodialysis patients." Clinical and experimental nephrology 21.5 (2017): 908-916.

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    2019-02-27 chenhongpeng
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    2018-11-18 惠映实验室

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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