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个性化医疗时代的双生花:伴随诊断和靶向治疗药物

2017-03-15 木易 火石创造

个性化医疗时代,靶向治疗和伴随诊断作为提供个性化治疗最重要的两个工具,就像是一对双生花。所谓伴随诊断就是与特殊药物/治疗相关联的诊断试验,使用的相应药物就是伴随药物。从某种意义来说,药物治疗的变化催生伴随诊断,伴随诊断的发展进一步促进药物研发。伴随诊断的两种分类一般来说,伴随诊断试验有两组,一组是售后试验,即在药物流入市场后对药物使用说明开发或增加的试验;另一组就是共同开发的伴随诊断,在这种情况下

个性化医疗时代,靶向治疗和伴随诊断作为提供个性化治疗最重要的两个工具,就像是一对双生花。所谓伴随诊断就是与特殊药物/治疗相关联的诊断试验,使用的相应药物就是伴随药物。从某种意义来说,药物治疗的变化催生伴随诊断,伴随诊断的发展进一步促进药物研发。

伴随诊断的两种分类

一般来说,伴随诊断试验有两组,一组是售后试验,即在药物流入市场后对药物使用说明开发或增加的试验;另一组就是共同开发的伴随诊断,在这种情况下,伴随诊断与研究药物同时开发和获批,通常也被批准为组合产品。

1998年,全球首个乳腺癌靶向治疗药物Herceptin与其伴随诊断试验——人类表皮生生长因子受体(Her2)/中性粒细胞(neu)试验同时获得美国FDA批准。这是第一个伴随诊断试验。此后,越来越多的药物与伴随诊断试验同时获得批准。

FDA批准的与药品共同开发的伴随诊断产品清单



伴随诊断推动药物研发

虽然伴随诊断还是体外诊断领域中的“新兵”,但却是发展最快的领域之一。在药品研用精准时代的风口,药物伴随诊断的突破在某种意义上推动了药物开发的脚步。仅以近期的两个例子说明。

2017年1月31日,日本PMDA批准了全球首个ROS1靶向抑制剂克唑替尼(crizotinib)的伴随诊断试剂,这是由我国厦门艾德生物开发的药物伴随诊断试剂,用于临床检测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的ROS1基因融合状态,筛选适合应用克唑替尼治疗的患者。克唑替尼是目前全球唯一获批用于靶向治疗ROS1融合阳性的非小细胞肺癌药物。

2016年12月19日,美国FDA批准了首个基于二代测序的伴随诊断试剂盒,这是由Foundation Medicine公司开发的用于鉴定携带晚期BRCA突变的晚期卵巢癌患者,检测结果可用于鉴别正在考虑用PARP抑制剂Rubraca(rucaparib)治疗的卵巢癌患者。于此同时,FDA也加速批准了Rubraca(rucaparib)这一新药的审批。

利益相关驱动发展

个性化医疗时代,全能的药物开发方法已经不再适合,制药业开始进入靶向药物研发时代。多年前的传统医药产业对采用伴随诊断持有怀疑态度,毕竟制药市场基本上是控制在药物研发商手中。但随着肿瘤靶向药物研发的需要以及患者医疗保健意识的加强,无形中推动了伴随诊断市场的发展。

与此同时,快速发展的伴随诊断让药物开发商明确看到了其改善药物开发流程的潜力,因此催生出新的商业模式,涉及到更广泛的利益相关者。

对于制药公司来说,起初对伴随诊断持怀疑态度最直接的原因莫过于靶向药物终结了轰炸式药物的时代,这也意味着将减少药物市场规模。但从另一角度思考,事实上采用伴随诊断对于制药公司来说可获得利益远胜过其损失。

制药公司获得益处总结起来为5点:

伴随诊断的使用能够帮助确定目标患者人群,缩小试验规模,减少药物失败率,从而控制药物开发成;

销售具有伴随诊断的药物能够帮助区分该产品与其他同类竞争力药物;

提高药物的安全性和有效性将增加患者药物依从性;

减少由于安全问题导致的药物召回数量;

具有诊断试验的靶向治疗能够指挥涨价。

随着伴随诊断在制药业的快速发展和应用,成千上百家公司从事开发伴随诊断或向制药公司提供开发伴随诊断服务。

诊断公司获得益处总结起来为3点:

指挥诊断产品涨价,增加医疗保健市场中的诊断产品占有率;

与制药公司开发新的合作关系;

使用制药公司广泛分布系统扩大诊断的可及性。

当前,伴随诊断市场高度分散,一些大型的制药公司,以其内部诊断能力转入这个新兴的伴随诊断领域。于此同时,许多小型的诊断公司通过与大型制药企业的合作逐渐进入伴随诊断市场。

虽然伴随诊断曾经受到冷落,但随着制药业对其整体价值的认可度越来越高,相信将来会有更多共同开发的伴随诊断产品流入市场。

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    2017-03-16 明心见性

    虽然伴随诊断曾经受到冷落,但随着制药业对其整体价值的认可度越来越高,相信将来会有更多共同开发的伴随诊断产品流入市场。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1700266, encodeId=18451e002668e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec08213328c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#个性化医疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21332, encryptionId=ec08213328c, topicName=个性化医疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=16e930021335, createdName=w363522459, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 18:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921673, encodeId=ac6419216e36e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f0a6469837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64698, encryptionId=4f0a6469837, topicName=治疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9d3459, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Mon May 22 00:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2060421, encodeId=dd0a206042128, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba54999214e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶向治疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99921, encryptionId=ba54999214e, topicName=靶向治疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743d308, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Thu Oct 26 03:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1956431, encodeId=1fd419564310f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=326f2610414' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伴随诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26104, encryptionId=326f2610414, topicName=伴随诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fa8I6JticHgohY5FSGE98I1F4gpCjrpl2nbN6jZJY6JEqAjUibjItOA9AsgbBwTuBzAPbU5Tl8DxfemWUFFzBOYw/132, createdBy=24c12500054, createdName=ms2186806800017884, createdTime=Tue Jan 30 03:19:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180256, encodeId=d2b81802562b, content=虽然伴随诊断曾经受到冷落,但随着制药业对其整体价值的认可度越来越高,相信将来会有更多共同开发的伴随诊断产品流入市场。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQplCaQGBmjHytXQqvsuocO2uV2lOAaJibzDafJudKToVfU12LzwArHDb4TSrmU2hk5Qxzc6icoicBK3Dg/0, createdBy=a7901968505, createdName=明心见性, createdTime=Thu Mar 16 08:09:11 CST 2017, time=2017-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180220, encodeId=1bc9180220b9, content=这个值得收藏,发现没有收藏按钮, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Thu Mar 16 07:13:30 CST 2017, time=2017-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180191, encodeId=6e901801918d, content=厉害了,好好学习下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Thu Mar 16 02:06:53 CST 2017, time=2017-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-16 医艺依意

    这个值得收藏,发现没有收藏按钮

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1700266, encodeId=18451e002668e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec08213328c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#个性化医疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21332, encryptionId=ec08213328c, topicName=个性化医疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=16e930021335, createdName=w363522459, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 18:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921673, encodeId=ac6419216e36e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f0a6469837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64698, encryptionId=4f0a6469837, topicName=治疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9d3459, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Mon May 22 00:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2060421, encodeId=dd0a206042128, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba54999214e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶向治疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99921, encryptionId=ba54999214e, topicName=靶向治疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743d308, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Thu Oct 26 03:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1956431, encodeId=1fd419564310f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=326f2610414' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伴随诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26104, encryptionId=326f2610414, topicName=伴随诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fa8I6JticHgohY5FSGE98I1F4gpCjrpl2nbN6jZJY6JEqAjUibjItOA9AsgbBwTuBzAPbU5Tl8DxfemWUFFzBOYw/132, createdBy=24c12500054, createdName=ms2186806800017884, createdTime=Tue Jan 30 03:19:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180256, encodeId=d2b81802562b, content=虽然伴随诊断曾经受到冷落,但随着制药业对其整体价值的认可度越来越高,相信将来会有更多共同开发的伴随诊断产品流入市场。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQplCaQGBmjHytXQqvsuocO2uV2lOAaJibzDafJudKToVfU12LzwArHDb4TSrmU2hk5Qxzc6icoicBK3Dg/0, createdBy=a7901968505, createdName=明心见性, createdTime=Thu Mar 16 08:09:11 CST 2017, time=2017-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180220, encodeId=1bc9180220b9, content=这个值得收藏,发现没有收藏按钮, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Thu Mar 16 07:13:30 CST 2017, time=2017-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180191, encodeId=6e901801918d, content=厉害了,好好学习下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Thu Mar 16 02:06:53 CST 2017, time=2017-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-16 飛歌

    厉害了,好好学习下

    0

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