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叫停门诊输液后,首部输液专家共识出炉

2016-04-12 佚名 新华网

近段时间以来,全国各地纷纷叫停门诊输液。江苏省卫计委更是要求,2016年底前,江苏全省二级以上医院(除儿童医院外)全面停止门诊患者静脉输液。在各地叫停门诊输液的同时,提升临床输液安全也迫在眉睫。近日,中国健康促进基金会、中华护理学会、中国医药包装协会、中国药师协会等六个组织共同编制的首部《守护针尖上的安全-中国输液安全与防范专家共识》(以下简称《专家共识》)在北京定稿。据悉,该共识将于5月份发布。

近段时间以来,全国各地纷纷叫停门诊输液。江苏省卫计委更是要求,2016年底前,江苏全省二级以上医院(除儿童医院外)全面停止门诊患者静脉输液。在各地叫停门诊输液的同时,提升临床输液安全也迫在眉睫。近日,中国健康促进基金会、中华护理学会、中国医药包装协会、中国药师协会等六个组织共同编制的首部《守护针尖上的安全-中国输液安全与防范专家共识》(以下简称《专家共识》)在北京定稿。据悉,该共识将于5月份发布。

过度输液及输液安全需引起重点关注

“能口服不肌注,能肌注不输液”,这是世卫组织很早就提出的用药原则。一般来说,输液是仅对急救患者、重症患者和不能进食的患者使用的“最后给药方式”。但在我国,长期以来,由于输液治疗能给医院和医生增加收入,加上不少患者治病求“速好”的心理等因素,导致输液治疗被普遍滥用。

近年来,随着国家一系列“限抗”政策的深入推进,在大医院陆续取消门诊输液后,作为过度输液的“重灾区”,各地基层医疗机构的门诊输液也将逐步得到“严管”。

《专家共识》主要倡导者、首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院药学部赵志刚教授表示,目前,不少患者对输液治疗认知还存在一些误区,如普通发烧感冒、腹泻、肠胃炎等常见疾病均使用输液治疗,对输液的风险和不良反应认识不足,成为过度输液的重要原因之一,以上误区凸显我国过度输液及输液安全需引起重点关注。

根据2014年《国家药品不良反应监测年度报告》显示,静脉注射给药发生不良反应(ADR)占不良反应总数的57.8%。静脉输液常见的不良反应包括过敏反应、类过敏反应、热原反应、局部刺激、溶血反应、水电解质紊乱、容量负荷等。输液不良反应可发生在刚开始输液时,也可发生在输液过程中任何时间,有些迟发反应可在输液结束后一段时间发生。不溶性微粒的主要危害是微粒在特定部位的叠加堆积,引起组织损伤、器官病理改变甚至死亡。

赵志刚教授表示,对于长期输液或者输液总量大的患者来说,输液过程中的微粒污染就会大大增加。注射的品种越多、注射的疗程越长,内毒素和微粒都会成倍累加,发生不良反应的概率也会成倍增加。更需注意的是,大量微粒导致的微血管血栓、出血及肺动脉栓塞、肉芽肿等不良发应的发生是缓慢、长期的,对人体产生潜在、持久的危害。

六个组织共推《专家共识》,助力提升临床输液安全

据悉,初步定稿的《专家共识》共分为六部分,包括中国输液使用现状、输液质量与安全评价、输液包装材料质量与安全性评价、各国输液的质量与安全性评价、不合理使用输液的危害及合理使用输液的政策建议。“共识”全面梳理了我国输液使用的现状与存在主要问题,从专业的角度介绍了输液质量与安全性问题的评价方法,介绍了国外相关输液合理使用的指南,同时提出了综合施治,解决我国目前存在的过度输液问题的策略和方法。

此外,《专家共识》初稿中对于目前输液使用医药包材、设备也都做了较为详尽的介绍。中国医药设备工程协会会长顾维军表示,提升输液安全要重视过程管理,对于近年来在医药生产领域涌现出的许多新工艺、新技术、新产品,要给予推荐建议,而落后的工艺也应建议取消,只有临床和产业形成良性互动,才能真正提升输液安全。

作为我国首次应用到大输液产品中的BFS新技术,此次也被写入《专家共识》。据了解,这是华润双鹤近年从国外率先引进的输液BFS技术,其最大亮点是“吹灌封”一体化,其不溶微粒可以控制到5微米以下,大大高于国家药典标准,从而提高产品质量和使用的安全性。安全的输液产品需要科学的工艺设计、先进的设施与设备、严格的过程管理。直接进入人体血管的药品,其风险远远高于口服、外用等途径的药品,高品质也需要成本的保证。

“一瓶输液的价格不及一瓶矿泉水的市场‘扭曲’,最终必将危害百姓的用药安全。”赵志刚教授说。华润双鹤副总裁倪军表示,减少或杜绝不必要的输液,保证市场供应的输液产品质量可靠、安全风险最低化需要政府部门、医疗机构、生产企业和社会大众广泛形成合理、安全使用输液意识的共识,共同推动。

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    2016-08-18 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

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    2016-08-18 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-08-18 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-06-13 yydlt

    很多输液是没必要的!

    0

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    学习了…

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1632737, encodeId=07d21632e3770, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7a3d9e143cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#门诊输液#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97143, encryptionId=7a3d9e143cf, topicName=门诊输液)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4a6921946992, createdName=cmsvly, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 01:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100296, encodeId=fe7b100296f4, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 13:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100297, encodeId=773910029e83, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 13:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100298, encodeId=6c7510029887, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 13:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89718, encodeId=733789e187a, content=很多输液是没必要的!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCEEr4dM45RatXXGAkFCicnNYiasFiaRicicO1YWsIeTFOhgapauqib8Z8TChNB3ttVC5RqNHptDvAxA72Q/0, createdBy=a82a1611288, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 07:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844473, encodeId=1abd18444e3e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Sat Jun 04 10:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78000, encodeId=6e5de800000, content=学习了…, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78001, encodeId=2e1ee80010a, content=↖(^ω^)↗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=155, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-14 李继凯

    ↖(^ω^)↗

    0

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