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JAMA:维生素k拮抗剂治疗静脉血栓,长期or短期疗效

2015-07-27 hawthorn 译 MedSci原创

临床问题 :长期(超过3个月)和短期维生素k拮抗剂疗法是否在反复性静脉血栓形成、主要出血和症状性静脉血栓栓塞的死亡率的发生率上有所不同? 关键 :长效的VKAs疗法可降低反复性VTE的风险而增加主要出血的风险,相比下,短效VKAs疗法可以降低病人的症状性 VTE风险,但是两者在死亡率方面没有差别。 急性VTE的病人的VKAs最佳使用时间目前还不清楚。VKAs使用时间的决定必须平

临床问题 :长期(超过3个月)和短期维生素k拮抗剂疗法是否在反复性静脉血栓形成、主要出血和症状性静脉血栓栓塞的死亡率的发生率上有所不同?

关键 :长效的VKAs疗法可降低反复性VTE的风险而增加主要出血的风险,相比下,短效VKAs疗法可以降低病人的症状性 VTE风险,但是两者在死亡率方面没有差别。

急性VTE的病人的VKAs最佳使用时间目前还不清楚。VKAs使用时间的决定必须平衡减少反复性VTE发生的风险与增加出血风险的关系。本篇临床证据报告总结了一个更新的关于长期与短期 VKA治疗复发性VTE、主要出血和死亡率的后果的Cochrane综述。

研究发现,与短效VKA疗法相比,长效VKA疗法与更低比率的血栓栓塞事件有关,但也增加出血风险。两种方法在死亡率方面没有区别。在内含的研究中,短期或长期VKA治疗持续时间有部分重叠,但是在研究结果中并不影响长期或短期VKA疗法的相关风险评估。
    

在个体研究中观察到的反复性VTE相对风险变化约0.20(RR,0.20[95%可信区间,0.11-0.38])(图)。

Sev-eral过去研究报道了反复性VTE发生率的下降。这表明随着距首次VTE发生时间的延长,需要更长的治疗时间来阻止反复性VTE。这使得临床上重要的出血事件和更长时间的VKA疗法更加复杂化。
    
文献检索于2015年2月3日更新,没有其他符合资格标准的研究发现。

与现有指导方针的对比
     
Cochrane综述的研究结果和结论符合最近关于抗凝治疗使用时间的循证指南,如果出血风险较低或者中毒风险并且病人意愿与该治疗疗程一致,那么原因不明VTE的长效VKAs疗法或者其他口服抗凝剂疗法应纳入考虑之列。长期治疗并没有确切的持续时间,该指南也建议定期重新评估个体病人风险-效益比。

原始出处:

Middeldorp S, Hutten BA.Long-term vs Short-term Therapy With Vitamin K Antagonists for Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism.JAMA. 2015 Jul 7;314(1):72-3. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.2693.

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    2016-06-26 fusion
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    2015-11-25 xue8602
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