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利妥昔单抗治疗结缔组织病相关间质性肺病对肺功能的影响

2022-06-27 刘少飞 MedSci原创

利妥昔单抗 (RTX) 此前曾被报道用于治疗结缔组织病相关间质性肺病 (CTD-ILD) 患者。以前没有报道过对 CTD-ILD 患者肺功能结果和相关不良反应的治疗效果大小的系统评估。

结缔组织病 (CTD) 通常与初始或随后的间质性肺病相关,通常预示着比无肺受累的 CTD 更高的发病率。虽然几乎所有 CTD 都可能与 ILD、系统性硬化症 (SSc)、特发性炎症性肌病 (IIM) 和类风湿性关节炎 (RA) 相关,但其患病率最高。放射学模式和临床表现因亚型而异,而肺功能通常以限制性通气缺陷和弥散能力降低为特征。大多数 CTD-ILD 的治疗通常涉及扩展已经针对潜在 CTD 的药物,通常包括皮质类固醇和类固醇保留剂,如环磷酰胺 (CYC)、硫唑嘌呤 (AZA) 和霉酚酸酯 (MMF)。 除硬皮病-ILD 外,由于缺乏稳健的随机对照试验 (RCT),CTD-ILD 的管理仍然是经验性或经验性的。与特发性肺纤维化 (IPF) 等其他进行性 ILD 相比,疾病亚型的异质性、不明确和可变的结果测量以及相对更好的生存率使得大型对照研究变得困难,需要持续时间更长的广泛 RCT 来区分功能或生存结果。肺功能终点通常作为治疗效果的合理标志。

利妥昔单抗 (RTX) 是一种针对人 CD20 的 B 细胞耗竭嵌合单克隆抗体,目前已被批准用于治疗淋巴瘤和 RA。先前的证据表明淋巴细胞功能的异常可能与 CTD 的发展和演变有关,因此它用于治疗其他 CTD 亚型最近引起了人们的兴趣。2008 年一项涉及 SSc-ILD 患者的初步报告 支持其在 CTD 与相关 ILD 中的特殊作用,特别是那些临床上严重或进行性肺病对常规免疫抑制无反应的患者。多个病例报告、病例系列和一项临床试验报告了利妥昔单抗在 CTD-ILD 中的积极作用,尽管其对测量肺功能的影响程度尚未总结性报道。该系统评价和荟萃分析总结了 RTX 对肺功能的综合效应大小(预测用力肺活量 (FVC%) 和一氧化碳扩散能力 (DLCO%) 的百分比),并描述了治疗 CTD-ILD 的报告安全性结果。

研究方法:

我们对来自 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane 图书馆的已发表报告进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。包括包含个体肺功能数据和不良反应的随机和非随机对照试验、病例对照、队列和病例系列(有五个或更多病例)。研究终点是治疗前和治疗后预测用力肺活量百分比 (FVC %) 和一氧化碳扩散能力 (DLCO%) 的变化,以及报告的药物相关不良事件。

Fig. 1

研究结果:

共确定了 411 名患者的 20 项研究,其中 14 项纳入肺功能荟萃分析,6 项纳入描述性综述。对治疗前和治疗后肺功能结果的随机效应荟萃分析显示 FVC% (n = 296)(平均差 (MD) 4.57%,[95% CI 2.63-6.51])和 DLCO% (n = 246) 增加) (MD 5.0% [95% CI 2.71-7.29]) RTX 治疗后。13.6% 的汇总队列报告了 RTX 治疗相关的不良反应。

Fig. 2

研究结论:

这是第一个评估 RTX 对 CTD-ILD 患者 FVC%(MD 为 4.57%)和 DLCO%(MD 为 5.0%)的影响大小的系统评价和荟萃分析,报告的水平较低但并非不显着与药物相关的不良反应(占汇总队列的 13.6%)。每个功能终点都包含超过 240 名汇总的患者观察结果,表明 RTX 作为传统免疫抑制的辅助手段可以适度改善或稳定肺功能。目前的系统评价和荟萃分析表明,接受 RTX 治疗的 CTD-ILD 患者的肺功能(FVC% 和 DLCO%)适度稳定或改善。单独或与其他免疫抑制剂组合似乎也有相对安全的副作用。然而,缺乏随机对照试验和其他受控定量研究以及汇总数据时潜在疾病的异质性可能会对在现实世界实践中自信地使用 RTX 构成重要限制,治疗开始时要根据具体情况考虑。

 

参考文献:

Zhao Y, Gao Y, Petnak T, Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Zhang X, Moua T. Effect size of rituximab on pulmonary function in the treatment of connective-tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res. 2022 Jun 21;23(1):164. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-02082-x. PMID: 35729565.

 

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    2022-11-27 amy0559
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在接受利妥昔单抗(RTX)治疗的患者中,外周循环中每微升至少10个B细胞是SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种后极有可能产生适当细胞和体液反应的候选生物标志物。

A&R:利妥昔单抗会损害B细胞反应,但不会损害T细胞对自身免疫性疾病中COVID-19疫苗的反应

利妥昔单抗诱导了对mRNA COVID-19疫苗的抗体反应减弱,但与健康对照和使用其他免疫抑制剂治疗的自身免疫性疾病患者相比,功能性T细胞反应没有改变。

HAEMATOLOGICA:利妥昔单抗联合基于 LMB 的化疗方案治疗儿童和青少年原发性纵隔大 B 细胞淋巴瘤取得出色的生存率

强化LMB为基础的化疗加利妥昔单抗在儿童/青少年PMLBL患者中获得了良好的生存率,目前仍需要进一步的国际前瞻性研究来证实这一人群中的这些结果。

A&R:B细胞重建与接受利妥昔单抗治疗的风湿病患者的 COVID-19疫苗反应性密切相关

B细胞重建和自患者最后一次接触利妥昔单抗(RTX)以来的较长时间与对COVID-19疫苗的阳性血清学反应有关。在接受RTX治疗的患者中最大限度地提高疫苗反应性的策略应包括对B细胞重建的评估。

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