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PRS:整复外科领域的外科女医生该如何发展?

2021-03-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

女性很少在整形外科学术领域获得最高领导职位。影响因素包括缺乏女性榜样、导师和缺乏性别多样性。研究表明,女性榜样和导师对于招聘和留住女性外科医生至关重要,组织内的性别多样性对女性的职业选择产生了更大的影

女性很少在整形外科学术领域获得最高领导职位。影响因素包括缺乏女性榜样、导师和缺乏性别多样性。研究表明,女性榜样和导师对于招聘和留住女性外科医生至关重要,组织内的性别多样性对女性的职业选择产生了更大的影响。

在过去的半个世纪里,美国女医生的数量有所增加,但仍然很少有人能达到最高的学术级别和领导职位。整形外科招收女医学生方面有所改善,但在留住和提拔她们方面却没有改善。造成这种“人才流失”的因素很多,但在女学生、住院医生和教职员工中,普遍认为缺少女性榜样和导师阻碍她们进入、留在或参与学术研究的主要障碍。多项研究表明,同性榜样和导师有助于招募和留住女外科医生。实验心理学家也发现,在与一位杰出的女性互动后,女学生认为自己可以更成功,认为自己更相似,并将在未来效仿她。外科教学人员和住院医生的性别多样性对女性选择外科手术产生了积极影响。88%从事外科的女住院医师来自女性外科医生比例较高的学校。

然而,整形外科中学术研究的性别关系尚未得到充分研究。因此,研究者试图确定目前美国高校整形外科专业的性别多样性,并调查性别和领导力对专业性别构成的影响。在2018年12月,这一由华盛顿大学、威斯康辛州医学院和密歇根大学等整形外科医师组成的团队,对美国整形外科住院医师性别组成进行了横断面研究。

他们收集了包括医学院院长、外科主任、整形外科科室主任、整形外科项目主任、整形外科教职员工和整形外科住院医生在内各大小领导的性别,并对这些人群的性别关系进行了分析。

研究共确定99个住院医师项目,79为合并或不合并独立项目,20为独立项目。

箭头从较高的学术职位指向较低的学术职位,假设前者的性别会影响后者的性别。鉴于大量文献强调了女性榜样和导师的重要性,以及性别多样性对招聘和留住女性外科医生的重要性,研究假设,在整形外科实习项目中担任领导职务的女性将积极影响该项目的性别多样性。

整形外科住院医师项目的性别构成如表所示。女性在担任更高职位的学术整形外科医生中所占比例较小(38%的住院医生,20%的教职员工,13%的项目主任和8%的科室主任)

整形外科主任医师性别与项目主任性别显著相关,整形外科教职员工性别与整形住院医师性别显著相关,这很符合现阶段的职称晋升逻辑。

虽然在统计上没有显著性,但女性整形外科医生的性别与女性整形外科住院医生的相对增长了45%有关

研究表明,与男性相比,性别多样性对寻求住院医生职位的女医学生和考虑就业机会的女商人更重要。而女性领导有能力影响学术整形项目的性别多样性。不幸的是,因为整形外科领域很少有女性担任最高领导职位,该研究并不能得出强有力的结论。因此,有必要进行后续研究,以密切监测这些趋势。女性的领导力和性别多样性影响了学术整形外科课程的构成。性别差异在各个级别都存在。

保留女外科医生为潜在患者提供了更多样化的提供者选择。此外,女性领导者可以减少性别刻板印象,使变革永久化。在医疗保健领域,增加团队多样性以反映不同的患者群体可能会提高医疗质量。尽管女性在领导力和性别多样性方面表现出优势,但在招聘、留住和提升女性学术外科医生方面存在多重障碍,比如最终导致人员流失。这些障碍包括女性性别角色和领导角色之间的感知不一致,导致对女性领导者的偏见;以及由此产生的认同差距、公开歧视和隐性偏见、晋升缓慢、学术生产力降低;缺乏导师、榜样、支持者;个人和家庭需求、怀孕以及性别薪酬差距等等。考虑到这些障碍,女性离开学术界的比例高于男性。

为了整形外科在创新和解决问题方面持续进步,必需保持着性别多样性。在整形手术领域中,还没有实现性别平等。认识到差距并实施有针对性的干预措施,以改善招聘、留住和提升妇女的情况,对于缩小性别差距至关重要。学术多元化最终将带来一个更有活力、更公平、更具创新性的领域。

原始文献:

Keane Alexandra M,Larson Ellen L,Santosa Katherine B et al. Women in Leadership and Their Influence on the Gender Diversity of Academic Plastic Surgery Programs.[J] .Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, 147: 516-526.

DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007681

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    2021-04-08 kzlchina
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    2021-10-20 ay2000fy
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    2021-05-19 ms6000001479750654

    好文章

    0

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    2021-03-25 单宝珍

    一?

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669038, encodeId=428716690386d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bc2114e79b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PRS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14779, encryptionId=bc2114e79b8, topicName=PRS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=209526497271, createdName=kzlchina, createdTime=Thu Apr 08 16:50:17 CST 2021, time=2021-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1898329, encodeId=5928189832996, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd734459445' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#女医生#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44594, encryptionId=cd734459445, topicName=女医生)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f34c147, createdName=ay2000fy, createdTime=Wed Oct 20 09:50:17 CST 2021, time=2021-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=966873, encodeId=43119668e36c, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210312/83bb82d87022407692e67e8371ea58df/d8a1852d2e9e4783a8a08db4df11e019.jpg, createdBy=a4c05467528, createdName=ms6000001479750654, createdTime=Wed May 19 12:51:48 CST 2021, time=2021-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=951056, encodeId=b1489510566c, content=一?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=25965473152, createdName=单宝珍, createdTime=Thu Mar 25 15:23:44 CST 2021, time=2021-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947699, encodeId=a17294e69997, content=很好的指导, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=135b2951405, createdName=1765482366, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:36:58 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947696, encodeId=ccf494e696e0, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:09:35 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947675, encodeId=473594e675a3, content=good, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d3c65307009, createdName=1487bd0cm60暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 14:44:01 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-12 1765482366

    很好的指导

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669038, encodeId=428716690386d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bc2114e79b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PRS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14779, encryptionId=bc2114e79b8, topicName=PRS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=209526497271, createdName=kzlchina, createdTime=Thu Apr 08 16:50:17 CST 2021, time=2021-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1898329, encodeId=5928189832996, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd734459445' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#女医生#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44594, encryptionId=cd734459445, topicName=女医生)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f34c147, createdName=ay2000fy, createdTime=Wed Oct 20 09:50:17 CST 2021, time=2021-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=966873, encodeId=43119668e36c, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210312/83bb82d87022407692e67e8371ea58df/d8a1852d2e9e4783a8a08db4df11e019.jpg, createdBy=a4c05467528, createdName=ms6000001479750654, createdTime=Wed May 19 12:51:48 CST 2021, time=2021-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=951056, encodeId=b1489510566c, content=一?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=25965473152, createdName=单宝珍, createdTime=Thu Mar 25 15:23:44 CST 2021, time=2021-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947699, encodeId=a17294e69997, content=很好的指导, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=135b2951405, createdName=1765482366, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:36:58 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947696, encodeId=ccf494e696e0, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:09:35 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947675, encodeId=473594e675a3, content=good, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d3c65307009, createdName=1487bd0cm60暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 14:44:01 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-12 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669038, encodeId=428716690386d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bc2114e79b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PRS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14779, encryptionId=bc2114e79b8, topicName=PRS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=209526497271, createdName=kzlchina, createdTime=Thu Apr 08 16:50:17 CST 2021, time=2021-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1898329, encodeId=5928189832996, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd734459445' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#女医生#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44594, encryptionId=cd734459445, topicName=女医生)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f34c147, createdName=ay2000fy, createdTime=Wed Oct 20 09:50:17 CST 2021, time=2021-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=966873, encodeId=43119668e36c, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210312/83bb82d87022407692e67e8371ea58df/d8a1852d2e9e4783a8a08db4df11e019.jpg, createdBy=a4c05467528, createdName=ms6000001479750654, createdTime=Wed May 19 12:51:48 CST 2021, time=2021-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=951056, encodeId=b1489510566c, content=一?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=25965473152, createdName=单宝珍, createdTime=Thu Mar 25 15:23:44 CST 2021, time=2021-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947699, encodeId=a17294e69997, content=很好的指导, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=135b2951405, createdName=1765482366, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:36:58 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947696, encodeId=ccf494e696e0, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:09:35 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947675, encodeId=473594e675a3, content=good, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d3c65307009, createdName=1487bd0cm60暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 14:44:01 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-12 1487bd0cm60暂无昵称

    good

    0

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