AJKD：久坐增加罹患肾脏疾病风险

有更多证据显示，久坐可能有害健康。每天长时间坐着的人罹患糖尿病、心梗，甚至某些癌症的风险较高。现在又发现，久坐还可能提高慢性肾脏病的风险，尤其是女性。这项研究刊载在10月期《美国肾脏病杂志》（American Journal of Kidney Diseases）上。

相较于一天坐不到3小时的妇女来说，那些每天坐超过8小时的妇女罹患慢性肾脏病的概率多了30％。久坐也与男性肾脏疾病的风险增加有关，但程度较轻。

例如每天散步30分钟等规律的体能活动，可以减少男性肾脏疾病的风险，但无法减少女性的风险。英国莱斯特大学的Thomas Yates医师表示，男性以运动消除久坐负面影响的效果比女性好。

肾脏会过滤血液中的杂质，产生尿液。在美国，大约有10%的成人（超过2千万人）罹患慢性肾脏疾病，一段时间后变得肾脏功能不佳。肾脏病患者罹患心脏病、贫血、骨骼疾病、以及其他健康问题的风险较高。

这项研究是请约6000名成人提供每天坐着的时间，以及做适度或激烈运动的量。结果显示，坐的时间最少的人，无论是否有定期运动，无论是超重或肥胖，形成慢性肾脏病的风险最低。

Yates医师表示，生活方式对于肾脏疾病也是非常重要的，整体来说，久坐对健康有负面影响。

彭宁顿生物医学研究中心的Marc Hamilton博士认为，大家都越来越清楚，不论是否健康或肥胖，活动或不活动，久坐对每个人都不好，但目前尚不清楚每半小时左右起来活动一下是否有影响。

他自己的研究则显示，当人们长时间坐着，无论是坐在办公桌前或是在家里看电视，并不是完全不动的。事实上，他们通常会花费约40％的时间四处走动。（生物谷Bioon.com）

doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.04.024
PMC:
PMID:

Association of Sitting Time and Physical Activity With CKD: A Cross-sectional Study in Family Practices.

Bharakhada N, Yates T, Davies MJ, Wilmot EG, Edwardson C, Henson J, Webb D, Khunti K.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant and growing health care burden globally. Lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and sitting-related sedentary behavior, have been hypothesized to be directly associated with CKD; however, epidemiologic research is limited.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis.

SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: A population-level diabetes screening program conducted across 20 family practices in Leicester, United Kingdom, August 2004 to December 2007.

PREDICTORS: Self-reported sitting time and physical activity, obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: CKD, defined using NKF-KDOQI (National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) criteria.

RESULTS: 6,379 (52% women) individuals were included. Lower levels of sitting time were associated with lower risk of CKD after controlling for physical activity, body mass index, and other potential confounding variables (OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.62-0.92] for lowest vs highest tertile). Interaction analysis showed that women trended toward a significantly higher risk of CKD with higher levels of sitting time compared with men. Participating in levels of physical activity that were at least consistent with the minimum recommendations for health was associated with lower risk of CKD. A significant interaction with sex was observed, with men showing a lower risk of CKD with high levels of physical activity compared with women.

LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional design, self-reported lifestyle data, CKD defined at a single time, and estimated glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria were the only measures used to define CKD.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of sitting time are associated with a lower prevalence of CKD independently of each other and other risk factors. However, results may vary by sex, with sitting time being the more important factor in women and physical activity the more important factor in men. These results have important implications for future research.

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