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Nature Communications:来自肠道细菌的抗癌利器,通过抗肿瘤代谢物增强CAR-T效果

2021-07-12 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

2021年7月1日,德国马尔堡菲利普大学的研究团队在 Nature Communications 期刊发表了题为:Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate

肠道菌群是人类肠道中大量细菌的集合。据估计,每个人的消化道中携带来自数千个种属的大约 100 万亿个细菌。这一数字远超人体自身细胞总数。

近年来,肠道菌群一直是研究热点。越来越多的发现表明,肠道菌群不仅对消化具有核心重要性,而且还影响大量身体机能。它们被认为与慢性炎症性肠道疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、帕金森病,甚至抑郁症和自闭症有关。

最近还有研究表明,肠道菌群能够直接影响癌症免疫治疗效果。然而,关于肠道菌群代谢物在调节癌症免疫治疗方面的研究非常少。乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐是主要的微生物代谢物,属于短链脂肪酸(SCFA)类。它们可以促进调节性T细胞(Treg Cell )扩增,改善效应 T 细胞的功能。

2021年7月1日,德国马尔堡菲利普大学的研究团队在 Nature Communications 期刊发表了题为:Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8+ T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer 的研究论文。

该研究首次通过实验证明戊酸和丁酸这两种微生物代谢物通过代谢和表观遗传重编程增强了免疫细胞的抗肿瘤活性,确定了戊酸和丁酸在癌症免疫治疗中具有优化效用。

含有广谱酶的共生细菌能够产生多种可用于治疗干预的小分子。研究团队观察到低丰度的人类共生菌 M. massiliensis 是唯一合成大量戊酸和丁酸这两种短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的细菌。

他们接下来用来自 M. massiliensis 的含有戊酸和丁酸的上清液处理 CD8 + T 细胞以观察其功能变化。结果显示,M. massiliensis 产生的戊酸和丁酸增强了 CD8 + T 细胞中效应细胞因子的产生。

短链脂肪酸(SCFA)是已知的组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂,能够通过表观遗传方式调节真核细胞的命运。

研究团队比较了来自 16 种人类共生细菌的上清液的组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制活性。他们发现丁酸和戊酸抑制 HDAC I 类酶,重编程 CD8 + T 细胞,使促炎和细胞毒性分子的产生增加。

进一步的实验结果显示,用脂肪酸戊酸酯处理增强了肿瘤特异性 T 细胞对抗实体瘤模型的能力。

正常 T 细胞在很大程度上对肿瘤细胞“失明”,而 CAR-T 细胞能够识别肿瘤表面的特定靶抗原并杀伤癌细胞。因此,为了进一步开发潜在的治疗策略,研究团队研究了短链脂肪酸(SCFA)对CAR-T 细胞疗法的影响。

他们发现戊酸盐治疗增强了 CAR-T 细胞疗法对胰腺癌的治疗效果,证明了在 CAR-T 细胞生成过程中使用戊酸和丁酸优化的潜力,以增强 CAR-T 细胞过继转移后的疗效。

总的来说,该研究揭示了两种可用于增强细胞抗肿瘤免疫的微生物代谢产物戊酸和丁酸,论证了两种抗肿瘤潜在疗法:一个是利用戊酸和丁酸优化细胞毒性T细胞,另一个是将产生这些短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的菌群转移给接受过继细胞治疗的患者。

原始出处:

Luu, M., Riester, Z., Baldrich, A. et al. Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8+ T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. Nat Commun 12, 4077 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24331-1.

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    2022-06-20 liye789132251
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    2021-12-17 liuli5079
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    2022-03-02 仁者大医
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    2021-07-12 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0

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