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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A:与成年人不同,儿童使用两个大脑半球来理解执行语言功能

2020-09-16 王木木 生物探索

我们都知道,在惯用右手的健康成年人中,语言区及语言中枢偏向分布于大脑的左半球(LH)。然而临床中发现,在很小的孩子中,对任一半球的损害同样可能导致语言发育延迟或功能缺失,这引发了一种猜测。

我们都知道,在惯用右手的健康成年人中,语言区及语言中枢偏向分布于大脑的左半球(LH)。然而临床中发现,在很小的孩子中,对任一半球的损害同样可能导致语言发育延迟或功能缺失,这引发了一种猜测:幼儿时期语言区尚未建立成人的横向化模式,且在早期发育过程中由两个半球平等地参与完成语言功能。

2020年9月7日,来自美国乔治敦大学医学中心的研究团队在《PNAS》上发表了题为“The neural basis of language development: Changes in lateralization overage”的论文,其发现,语言区的激活与年龄相关。年龄最小的儿童(4至6岁)中大脑左右半球(LH及RH)的语言区均出现显着激活,然而会发生显着的RH激活的参与者比例随着年龄的增长而降低,超过60%的成年参与者没有任何明显的RH激活。这表明,虽然语言功能倾向于由左半球控制,但右半球对语言处理的控制力在生命早期也很强,且会从儿童时期开始逐渐减弱。

该研究共招募了39名4-13岁的健康儿童及14位18-29岁的成年人,分为两组进行了一系列的句子理解任务及个体的每个半球的功能磁共振成像(fMRI)激活模式分析。之后,研究人员比较了四个年龄段(4-6岁,7-9岁,10-13岁和18-29岁)的个体语言激活图。还对所有参与者进行了全脑分析,以识别语言激活与年龄相关的大脑区域。

研究人员发现,在组水平上,所有年龄组均显示出强烈的左外侧语言激活,主要发生在左下角和颞上皮层,其中多数最小年龄组的孩子在相应的右半球区域也有出现明显的激活。

每个年龄组的个体激活图

在个体水平上,语言激活图随年龄表现出显着差异,尤其是在RH激活方面,RH激活的参与者比例随着年龄的增长而降低。在进行句子理解任务时,大多数成年人几乎没有表现出RH激活,但在许多小孩子中RH激活强烈且区域广泛,甚至偶尔会与LH中相当。

每个年龄组中出现RH显着激活的参与者的比例

该研究的通讯作者乔治敦大学医学中心的神经科学家 Elissa L. Newporta 认为,“句子处理任务中较高的右半球激活水平以及这种激活在长大过程中的缓慢降低反映了语言功能神经分布的变化。此外,对于遭受神经损伤的幼儿来说,该研究结果是一个好消息,两个大脑半球的共同参与提供了一种神经损伤后进行补偿的机制。例如,如果围产期中风导致婴儿左半球受损,则其可以使用右半球学习语言,以发展原本由左半球影响的认知能力。”

原始出处:

Olumide A Olulade, Anna Seydell-Greenwald, Catherine E Chambers, et al.The neural basis of language development: Changes in lateralization over age.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Sep 8;201905590. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1905590117.

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    2020-11-06 qidongfanjian
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    2020-12-08 linlin2312
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    2020-12-21 lishizhe
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    2020-09-18 yangjxjc
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    2020-09-18 sunylz
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    2020-09-16 Jessica

    儿童使用两个大脑半球来理解执行语言功能,这也许就是儿童学习语言快的原因吧。

    0

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