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PLOS Medicine:2型糖尿病原来还可以细分为五大类

2018-09-25 佚名 生物通

美国麻省总医院的研究人员正试图根据遗传的风险位点对2型糖尿病患者进行进一步的分类。他们根据已知的糖尿病风险位点和相关性状分为五大类,其中两大类与胰岛素缺乏机制相关,三大类与胰岛素耐受机制相关。


美国麻省总医院的研究人员正试图根据遗传的风险位点对2型糖尿病患者进行进一步的分类。他们根据已知的糖尿病风险位点和相关性状分为五大类,其中两大类与胰岛素缺乏机制相关,三大类与胰岛素耐受机制相关。

如今,糖尿病已成为一种相当普遍的慢性病。据统计,中国的糖尿病患者已超过1亿,其中60%的患者并不知道自己患病。同时,这也是一组异质性的疾病,可根据胰岛素缺乏或胰岛素耐受来大致区分。

不过,美国麻省总医院的研究人员正试图根据遗传的风险位点对2型糖尿病患者进行进一步的分类。他们根据已知的糖尿病风险位点和相关性状分为五大类,其中两大类与胰岛素缺乏机制相关,三大类与胰岛素耐受机制相关。研究人员称,这些分类可以推动患者的个性化治疗。这项研究成果发表在《PLOS Medicine》上。

通讯作者、麻省总医院的内分泌学家Jose Florez表示:“在治疗2型糖尿病时,我们有十几种药物可以使用,但是当你真正开始治疗某个人时,这实际上是在试错。我们需要一种更精细的方法,来区分许多不同的分子过程。”

在这项研究中,Florez及其同事采用了一种软聚类(soft-clustering)方法,允许某个变异同时在几个类别。他们对94个独立的糖尿病相关遗传变异和47个性状进行分析。第一作者Miriam Udler表示,由于遗传变异可能影响多种基因和过程,因此这种方法更适合复杂疾病。

此次分析鉴定出五大类:两大类的特征为胰腺β细胞的功能失调,另外三大类的机制为胰岛素耐受。

第1类(β细胞)的相关性状包括葡萄糖耐量试验后胰岛素分泌减少,但胰岛素原水平增加。它覆盖已知的β细胞相关基因座,如MTNR1B、HHEX、TCF7L2、SLC30A8、HNF1A和HNF1B。第2类(胰岛素原)也与糖耐量试验后的胰岛素分泌减少有关,但胰岛素原水平降低。它包括ARAP1和SPRY2基因座。

第3类(肥胖)与腰围、BMI指数和体脂百分比的增加有关,包括与肥胖相关的FTO和MC4R基因座。第4类(脂肪代谢障碍)与胰岛素敏感性指数的降低和HDL胆固醇降低相关,但甘油三酯增加。 第5类(肝/脂肪)与甘油三酯、棕榈油酸和尿酸盐水平的降低等有关,并且与γ-亚麻酸的增加有关,包括之前与非酒精性脂肪肝疾病相关的基因座。

研究人员还根据与每组相关的最高权重位点,为每一类生成遗传风险评分。他们发现,这些风险评分与许多临床结果有关。例如,高β细胞类风险评分与缺血性卒中风险增加相关,而脂肪代谢障碍风险评分的增加与血压升高而BMI降低有关。

他们将这些风险评分应用在四个队列的17,000多名2型糖尿病患者上。几乎三分之一的患者仅为单个类别的评分很高。这向研究人员表明,这些遗传决定的分类可以识别特定疾病特征的患者。

“我们研究中的分类似乎概括了我们在临床实践中观察到的内容。现在我们需要确定这些分类是否会转化为疾病进展、并发症和治疗反应上的差异,”Florez说。

原始出处:

Miriam S. Udler, et al.Type 2 diabetes genetic loci informed by multi-trait associations point to disease mechanisms and subtypes: A soft clustering analysis. PLOS Medicine.ublished 21 Sep 2018https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002654

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    2019-01-16 kalseyzl
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    2019-04-24 jeanqiuqiu
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    2018-09-25 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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