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Pediatrics:大剂量鱼油不能预防婴幼儿过敏

2012-09-28 网络 网络

        一项随机对照试验研究发现,在出生后至6个月期间,给婴儿服用相对大剂量的鱼油可以适度地提高他们体内的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFAs)水平,但是并不能预防他们发生儿童变态反应性疾病。     Western Australia大学儿科与儿童卫生学院的N. D'Vaz及其合着者将研究

   

    一项随机对照试验研究发现,在出生后至6个月期间,给婴儿服用相对大剂量的鱼油可以适度地提高他们体内的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFAs)水平,但是并不能预防他们发生儿童变态反应性疾病。

    Western Australia大学儿科与儿童卫生学院的N. D'Vaz及其合着者将研究成果发表于9月3日Pediatrics杂志在线版上。许多变态反应性疾病的流行与西方生活方式的改变有关,然而要检测出其中特定环境因素的影响是非常困难的。有人敏锐的注意到了膳食中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFAs)的减少与n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 PUFAs)的增加,因此认为饮食结构的改变是其中一个主要因素。

    研究者通过观察性研究以及介入性研究发现,于孕妇膳食中补充鱼油可以预防婴幼儿过敏。D'Vaz及其同事探索了给予6个月内婴儿服用鱼油是否也会产生相预防效果。

    2005年1月6日至2008年1月10日期间,他们从城市内的私人和公立的产前诊所内招募了420名孕期为36周的志愿者。这些孕妇的入选条件是有过敏史,很少摄食鱼类并且无吸烟史。将其随机分为两组,试验组218名,对照组202名。实验组婴儿从出生后起,每日在清晨的第一次喂奶前,用胶囊于口中挤入650mg鱼油。使用同样方法,每日给予对照组婴儿650mg橄榄油。

    因为某品牌鱼油的供应中断,最后有27名婴儿服用了不同生产商的同类胶囊。在干预期结束时,这些婴儿与试验组其他婴儿的红细胞二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)水平并无显着差异。

    研究者在婴儿们6个月时及12个月时对其进行评价,并且在相同的时间段内收集有关呼吸系统症状的信息,例如反复发作的喘息、哮喘、鼻炎等。

    作者这样写道:在干预期结束时,试验组红细胞及血浆DHA (P = .03) 和EPA (P = .016)水平显着高于对照组。然而在婴儿们12个月随访时,试验组与对照组间,那些变态反应性疾病、致敏(广泛或特异性的)、湿疹或食物过敏的发生并无显着差异。

    该研究小组写道:我们的研究结果显示,虽然在6个月时,鱼油干预对婴儿的免疫系统具有潜在的有益效果。然而它并不能减少婴儿在其生命最初12个月内变态反应性疾病的发生。该结果与另一项先期研究的发现相符,即给予6个月以上婴儿鱼油对减少过敏的发生无效。

    本试验局限性包括依从性差。有62名参与者在研究结束前退出和/或不愿接受随访。脱落者中,鱼油组18.3%的脱落率显着高于安慰剂组10.9%的脱落率(P = .031)。即使给两种胶囊都添加了香草味,依然有92.2%的家长正确猜测出他们的孩子在鱼油组中。

    此外,尽管研究中使用了相对大剂量的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFAs),记录的婴儿体内n-3 PUFAs水平只有适度的增长,这表明所补充乙酯的吸收与生物利用度存在问题。最后,橄榄油可能并不是最佳的对照物,因为它也有一定的免疫调节效果。

    作者总结道:通过孕期与产后的对比,出现了更多关于长链多不饱和脂肪酸(l-c PUFA)具有抗过敏效果的证据,据此我们建议,优化n-3 PUFAs状况依然是合适的,但最好通过促进母亲孕期与哺乳期间n-3 PUFAs的摄入来实现。

  链接:

D'Vaz N, Meldrum SJ, Dunstan JA, Martino D, McCarthy S, Metcalfe J, Tulic MK, Mori TA, Prescott SL.Postnatal Fish Oil Supplementation in High-Risk Infants to Prevent Allergy: Randomized Controlled Trial.Pediatrics.2012 Sep 3

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    2013-06-20 hbwxf
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    2013-07-17 feather89
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