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Sci Adv:华东师大叶海峰团队:研发出一种远红光激活的基因编辑系统——FAST

2020-07-15 Cathy 转化医学网

导言:基因编辑技术的飞速发展为基因功能研究工作提供了越来越多的工具。其中,CRISPR-Cas系统是应用最广泛的基因编辑工具。而近日,华东师范大学叶海峰团队设计出了一种远红光激活的Split-Cas9

导言:基因编辑技术的飞速发展为基因功能研究工作提供了越来越多的工具。其中,CRISPR-Cas系统是应用最广泛的基因编辑工具。而近日,华东师范大学叶海峰团队设计出了一种远红光激活的Split-Cas9基因编辑系统,可以实现器官和肿瘤的远程基因编辑。

CRISPR-Cas9系统作为一项革命性的基因编辑技术,其便捷性为科学研究和疾病治疗提供了前所未有的机会,包括高通量筛选、功能基因组学研究以及病毒感染、遗传病和癌症的治疗。然而众所周知,CRISPR-Cas9系统存在一些的缺点,如脱靶效应。科学家们也在研究如何克服这些缺点。而近日,我国科学家研发了一种远红光(FRL)激活的split-Cas9基因编辑系统,该系统可以无创性地诱导动物组织深处细胞中的基因编辑。

这项研究由华东师范大学生命科学学院的叶海峰研究员领导,并发表在《科学进展》上,题目为“Engineering a far-red light–activated split-Cas9 system for remote-controlled genome editing of internal organs and tumors”

先前已经有科学家开发出了多种化学诱导的CRISPR-Cas9系统,而这些系统的显著缺点是这些化学诱导物存在潜在的细胞毒性。因此,科学家们将光作为一种可逆、无创的诱导方式,来开发基于Cas9的基因编辑技术。如基于蓝光的paCas9系统、紫外光(UV)介导的互补寡核苷酸元件切割,以及基于蓝光的anti-CRISPR系统。然而,由于生物组织对这些光的吸收和散射,紫外线和蓝光都无法深入人体。因此,在这项研究中,叶海峰团队采用了远红光(730 nm)。

在2017年,叶海峰的研究团队开发了远红光调控转基因表达控制系统。实现只需一束远红光即可调控基因表达。利用多学科技术交叉,建立了通过智能手机APP超远程调控人工定制胰岛细胞治疗糖尿病的电子药物平台.


手机远程治疗糖尿病设计示意图

在2018年,他们将远红光调控转基因表达控制系统与CRISPR-dCas9基因编辑两大技术相结合,开发出了远红光调控的CRISPR-dCas9内源基因转录激活装置(FACE)。


远红光控制的CRISPR-dCas9内源基因转录激活装置(FACE)示意图

这一次,他们开发出了远红光激活的Split-Cas9(FAST)系统,该系统可无创地诱导动物组织内部深处的细胞中的基因编辑活性。


FAST系统的设计

FAST系统依赖于两个具有高亲和力结合域的分裂Cas9融合蛋白:Cas9的一半是组成性表达的,而另一半由该研究团队先前建立的细菌光敏色素BphS光学控制系统的FRL诱导控制。

最初,研究人员在人类胚胎肾(HEK)-293细胞中放置了FAST系统组件,并使用基于发光二极管(LED)的FRL照明来证明靶向基因组编辑的成功激活。之后,在不同的人类细胞系中实现了FRL诱导编辑后,研究人员通过植入物实验,证实FAST能够在位于动物皮下组织的细胞中强有力地激活基因编辑。


FRL诱导的FAST介导的小鼠植入皮下细胞的基因编辑

然后,他们在转基因tdTOMATO报告小鼠系的实验中,建立了FRL诱导的小鼠体细胞(肝细胞)的快速介导编辑,以及在异种移植瘤小鼠中对癌细胞进行细胞周期失活基因编辑的研究,以此证明了FAST能够对抗疾病。


FAST介导的tdTomato报告基因小鼠的基因编辑


FAST系统对异种移植小鼠进行肿瘤内基因编辑

这项研究扩展了哺乳动物细胞基因编辑的光遗传学工具,包括FRL在体内高度兼容和深层组织穿透的能量诱导,也展示了这项技术与基础生物学和生物医学研究相关的应用。

原始出处:

Yuanhuan Yu1, Xin Wu1, Ningzi Guan1, Jiawei Shao. et.al. Engineering a far-red light–activated split-Cas9 system for remote-controlled genome editing of internal organs and tumors. Science Advances 10 Jul 2020: Vol. 6, no. 28, eabb1777

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    2020-12-28 JR19860219
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    2020-07-17 gracezdd
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    2020-07-17 lqvr

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