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突破:胰岛细胞植入物已进入人体试验,糖尿病治愈更进一步!

2017-08-11 佚名 sciencealert

ViaCyte的PEC-Direct临床试验已经开始,PEC-Direct是从干细胞培养胰岛素生成细胞以治疗1型糖尿病患者的种植体。

ViaCyte的PEC-Direct临床试验已经开始,PEC-Direct是从干细胞培养胰岛素生成细胞以治疗1型糖尿病患者的种植体。

如果成功,植入物可以消除这些患者自己注射胰岛素的需要。

世界卫生组织报告说,全世界有4.22亿人患有糖尿病,这种情况可以有两种形式。

首先,身体的免疫系统攻击胰腺细胞,防止器官产生足够的胰岛素[1型糖尿病(T1D)]。第二,身体不知道如何使用产生的[2型糖尿病(TD2)]的胰岛素。

T1D占糖尿病病例的大约10%,与T2D不同,T2D通常可以通过减肥或增加运动等生活方式的改变来逆转,科学家们尚未找出如何预防或治愈T1D。

目前,注射胰岛素是治疗T1D的最佳途径,但是这种方法在高风险病例中可能是有问题的 - 例如,低血糖不知情的患者可能无法调整胰岛素用量。

幸运的是,世界各地的研究人员正在努力寻找治疗方法,使T1D患者免于对胰岛素注射的依赖,现在有一组可能已经发现了这一点。

就在上周,位于加州的ViaCyte公司开始了两名T1D患者的临床试验,这些患者被植入了该公司的PEC-Direct装置。

这些信用卡大小的植入物中的每一个携带来自干细胞的细胞。这些细胞被设计成在人体内成熟为免疫系统在T1D患者中破坏的专门的胰腺细胞。将植入物放置在皮肤正下方,并在需要时释放胰岛素。

加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的临床试验研究人员Jeremy Pettus在ViaCyte的新闻稿中说:“高风险1型糖尿病并发症的患者,如低血糖不知情,处于危及生命的低血糖的不断风险。

“PEC-Direct胰岛细胞替代疗法旨在帮助最迫切需要医疗救治的患者。”

“ViaCyte总裁兼首席执行官Paul Laikind补充说:”高危1型糖尿病患者治疗危及生命的低血糖发作的治疗方案有限。

“我们相信,PEC-Direct产品候选人有可能改变这些患者的生活。”

实际上,释放T1D患者不需要持续的胰岛素注射并不是一件容易的事情。芬兰的研究人员已经研究了25年,只有最近才开始制定预防1型糖尿病的疫苗 - 到2018年将突破临床试验。

ViaCyte的设备是另一个有希望的发现。

在上周临床试验之前,在19例糖尿病患者中测试了使用较少量干细胞的PEC-Direct植入物。虽然这些已经成熟为所需的胰岛细胞,但有限的数量并不是为了治疗病症而设计的。

上周两名患者接受的PEC-Direct植入物含有更多的细胞。希望是三个月后,当细胞已经成熟时,他们将能够在需要时自动释放胰岛素来取代注射剂。

如果它有效,T1D患者唯一需要做的就是使用免疫抑制药来确保他们的身体不会拒绝新的细胞。这是一个很小的代价,以免日常注射。

正如加拿大阿尔伯塔大学的詹姆斯·夏皮罗(James Shapiro)对新科学家说,“人类胰岛素生产细胞的无限来源将是向潜在治疗糖尿病的旅程迈出的重要一步。”

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    2017-10-03 baoya
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    2017-08-13 jiyangfei

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