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Nature:又一力证,炎症驱动阿尔茨海默症

2019-11-27 佚名 中国生物技术网

近日,发表在《Nature》上的一篇研究中,来自德国神经退行性疾病中心(DZNE)和波恩大学领导的国际研究团队发现了一种炎症机制,似乎在阿尔茨海默症(AD)和其他脑部疾病的毒性tau蛋白形成过程中发挥了关键作用。

近日,发表在《Nature》上的一篇研究中,来自德国神经退行性疾病中心(DZNE)和波恩大学领导的国际研究团队发现了一种炎症机制,似乎在阿尔茨海默症(AD)和其他脑部疾病的毒性tau蛋白形成过程中发挥了关键作用。

AD是老年痴呆症的最常见原因。其他的痴呆症还包括血管性痴呆、路易体痴呆和额颞叶痴呆(FTD)。

这一新发现的机制涉及一种名为NLRP3炎性小体的蛋白质复合物。过去的研究已经确认了这种大分子在触发大脑免疫细胞中炎症物质方面的重要作用。

在这项新研究中,该研究团队对NLRP3炎性小体在AD和FTD中的作用进行了研究。他们对FTD患者和非FTD患者的死后大脑样本进行了测试,还使用了培养的脑细胞和具有AD和FTD特征性脑功能的小鼠。

在这篇论文中,该研究首席研究员、波恩大学教授、神经退行性疾病和老年精神病学系主任Michael T. Heneka及其团队描述了tau蛋白如何在大脑免疫系统炎症过程的影响下发生转变。




图片来源:Nature

tau蛋白在健康大脑中发挥的功能之一是帮助稳定神经细胞(神经元)的骨架。但是,在发生AD和FTD时,tau蛋白发生化学变化,使它们脱离细胞骨架并相互粘附。没有了机械稳定性,细胞最终会死亡。

过度磷酸化

使tau蛋白与细胞骨架分离并彼此粘附的原因是一种被称为过度磷酸化的过程,该过程改变了蛋白质分子的化学组成和行为。

磷酸化是细胞中蛋白质活性的关键调控因子。它涉及蛋白质分子上磷酸根(PO4)的添加和去除。

过度磷酸化意味着蛋白质分子被添加的磷酸根(PO4)基团饱和。在这种状态下,蛋白质的行为可能与正常情况完全不同。

这项新发现表明,NLRP3炎性小体触发了使tau蛋白过度磷酸化的酶,以致其脱离细胞骨架并形成团块。

Heneka教授说:“似乎由炎性体介导的炎症过程对于大多数具有tau病理的神经退行性疾病也至关重要。”

研究团队认为该机制与阿尔茨海默症严重相关。该疾病有两个显着特征:在脑细胞之间形成的β-淀粉样蛋白毒性斑块和在细胞内部形成的tau蛋白团块缠结。

此外,在tau蛋白开始形成团块之前的AD早期阶段,β-淀粉样蛋白斑块就开始形成了。

一些研究团队先前的研究已经表明NLRP3炎性小体是β-淀粉样蛋白积聚的促进剂。

β-淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白之间

将两组发现结合在一起,可以发现NLRP3炎性小体是形成β-淀粉样蛋白斑块和tau缠结的共同因素。

Heneka教授解释说:“我们的结果支持了与阿尔茨海默症发展相关的淀粉样蛋白级联假说。根据这一假说,β-淀粉样蛋白的沉积最终导致tau病理的发展,从而导致细胞死亡。”

他认为,炎性小体是连接β-淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白疾病过程的决定性缺失环节。 他说:“可以说它是β-淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白之间的接力棒。”

该研究团队认为,这些发现将带来靶向tau蛋白转化过程的AD和FTD的新疗法。

Heneka教授认为,应该有可能通过改变免疫反应来开发针对tau病理学的药物。

他说:“随着tau病理的进展,人的思维能力越来越弱。因此,如果可以遏制tau病变,这将是迈向更好治疗的重要一步。”

原始出处:Christina Ising, Carmen Venegas, Shuangshuang Zhang, et al. NLRP3 inflammasome activation drives tau pathology. Nature. 20 November 2019

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1816961, encodeId=0c9718169619e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=17b59e77626' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97776, encryptionId=17b59e77626, topicName=阿尔茨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Bnia2EtH2IvyBtniaWHPQOYAicsN3IAL1ZuPV7qyALcdCiawRJdEiafMxWTxzERQW7eeKg8HfCKCRK2CJicy073C4RJg/132, createdBy=464b2500186, createdName=ms1948154235210413, createdTime=Wed Feb 19 09:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884011, encodeId=5e221884011c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 08:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1817984, encodeId=2dcc181e98419, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c9f9e777ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨海#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97777, encryptionId=4c9f9e777ac, topicName=阿尔茨海)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jan 08 12:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1470338, encodeId=1b5a14e0338b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=45a79e7788c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨海默#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97778, encryptionId=45a79e7788c, topicName=阿尔茨海默)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5917090900, createdName=yhj-time, createdTime=Thu Nov 28 18:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375892, encodeId=ab3c3e5892bf, content=研究很前沿,受益良多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b005228115, createdName=14794e5bm67(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Nov 27 08:06:47 CST 2019, time=2019-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375883, encodeId=2c3c3e588379, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Nov 27 06:36:02 CST 2019, time=2019-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375880, encodeId=cbbd3e588039, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Wed Nov 27 05:42:47 CST 2019, time=2019-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-27 14794e5bm67(暂无昵称)

    研究很前沿,受益良多

    0

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1816961, encodeId=0c9718169619e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=17b59e77626' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97776, encryptionId=17b59e77626, topicName=阿尔茨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Bnia2EtH2IvyBtniaWHPQOYAicsN3IAL1ZuPV7qyALcdCiawRJdEiafMxWTxzERQW7eeKg8HfCKCRK2CJicy073C4RJg/132, createdBy=464b2500186, createdName=ms1948154235210413, createdTime=Wed Feb 19 09:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884011, encodeId=5e221884011c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 08:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1817984, encodeId=2dcc181e98419, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c9f9e777ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨海#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97777, encryptionId=4c9f9e777ac, topicName=阿尔茨海)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jan 08 12:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1470338, encodeId=1b5a14e0338b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=45a79e7788c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨海默#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97778, encryptionId=45a79e7788c, topicName=阿尔茨海默)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5917090900, createdName=yhj-time, createdTime=Thu Nov 28 18:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375892, encodeId=ab3c3e5892bf, content=研究很前沿,受益良多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b005228115, createdName=14794e5bm67(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Nov 27 08:06:47 CST 2019, time=2019-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375883, encodeId=2c3c3e588379, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Nov 27 06:36:02 CST 2019, time=2019-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375880, encodeId=cbbd3e588039, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Wed Nov 27 05:42:47 CST 2019, time=2019-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-27 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

    0

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骨形态发生蛋白受体2(Bmpr2)突变是遗传性肺动脉高压(PAH)的重要风险因素,约20%的携带者会罹患此病。但环境因素(如炎症)是如何驱动Bmpr2突变对PAH易感的机制尚不明确。在Bmpr2+/-小鼠中过表达5-LO(5-脂氧合酶)可引发肺部炎症和一过性PAH。因此,5-LO和它的代谢产物,白三烯B4,均是二次打击的候选物。本研究的目的是明确5-LO介导的肺部炎症如何与表型沉默的Bmpr2缺陷

Circulation:炎症通路可作为心律失常性心肌病的治疗靶点

炎症是心律失常性心肌病(ACM)的一个显著特征,但目前尚不明确其是否与ACM的表型有关。为了探索炎症在ACM发病机制中的作用,Chelko等人在体内外的ACM模型和患者诱导多能干细胞来源的心肌细胞中研究核因子-κB信号特征。在ACM的一个体外模型(表达JUP215del2的新生大鼠心室肌细胞)和ACM的小鼠模型(desmoglein-2基因上纯合敲入突变[Dsg2mut/mut])中,核因子-κB

Sci Trans Med:帕金森、克罗恩病和麻风病背后主使居然是同一个基因?

多年来,研究人员一直在努力研究一种名为LRRK2的基因突变是如何增加罹患三种截然不同疾病的风险:帕金森氏症(一种脑部疾病)、克罗恩病(一种肠道疾病)和麻风病(一种外围神经系统疾病)。现在,一个加拿大研究小组发现炎症可能是罪魁祸首。相关研究结果发表在《Science Translational Medicine》杂志上。

Life sci:舒马曲坦抑制卵清蛋白诱导的过敏性鼻炎研究

过敏性鼻炎是一种全球性的致残性疾病,可以由气道炎症来鉴定。舒马曲坦是一种5-羟色胺1B/1D(5HT1B/1D)兴奋剂,并且作为偏头痛的治疗药物。5HT1B/1D受体的激活能够抑制神经肽的释放并抑制炎症途径。最近,有研究人员调查了舒马曲坦对卵清蛋白诱导的过敏性鼻炎小鼠模型的影响以及一氧化氮的角色。研究发现,腹腔注射舒马曲坦能够明显的减少过敏性小鼠鼻痒和IL-4以及血清lgE的水平,但是能够增加IF

Immunity:高糖确实促炎!华人科学家首次发现,高葡萄糖摄入促进自身免疫的机制,看来吃糖还是得适量

如今,高水平葡萄糖在自身免疫性疾病中的凶犯身份也被揭发了。破解这起谜案的科学家是来自美国国立卫生研究院的Wanjun Chen博士团队,论文发表在《细胞》子刊《免疫》杂志上。

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