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Nat commun:华人学者发现一种调控dNTP合成的新方式

2019-07-21 佚名 细胞

做为生物体遗传物质的DNA是在DNA聚合酶作用下,以脱氧核甘三磷酸(Deoxyribonucleosidetriphosphate,dNTPs)为原料聚合而成。为了保证DNA高保真复制和基因组稳定性,细胞内dNTPs浓度必须维持在一个相对合理的范围内。核苷酸还原酶(RNR)催化核甘二磷酸(NDP) 还原为脱氧核甘二磷酸(dNDP),这一还原反应是dNTPs从头合成过程中最重要的限速性步骤(Rate

做为生物体遗传物质的DNA是在DNA聚合酶作用下,以脱氧核甘三磷酸(Deoxyribonucleosidetriphosphate,dNTPs)为原料聚合而成。为了保证DNA高保真复制和基因组稳定性,细胞内dNTPs浓度必须维持在一个相对合理的范围内。核苷酸还原酶(RNR)催化核甘二磷酸(NDP) 还原为脱氧核甘二磷酸(dNDP),这一还原反应是dNTPs从头合成过程中最重要的限速性步骤(Rate-LimitingStep)。因此,RNR酶活的时空精细调控对于维持体内dNTP平衡和基因组稳定性至关重要。

RNR是由大亚基RRM1和小亚基RRM2组成的异源四聚体,其主要通过与不同的小分子核苷酸变构结合来调控其酶活性和底物特异性,并且所有的变构调节位点都位于RRM1。除了变构调控外,人们对RNR的其他精细调控方式还知之甚少。2019年7月19日,现就职于暨南大学的陈果博士,在埃默里大学XingmingDeng教授的指导下在Naturecommunications杂志发表了题为“Acetylation regulates ribonucleotide reductase activity and cancercell growth” 的研究论文。该论文揭示了一种调控RNR酶活的乙酰化翻译后修饰,拓展了对dNTPs供给时空调控的认识。

该研究通过体外生化手段以及体内细胞生物学验证,发现了RNR 小亚基RRM2 95位赖氨酸(K95)存在高丰度的乙酰化修饰,通过结构分析发现K95定位于RRM2同源二聚体的界面与对方姐妹分子的E174和E105 形成两个稳定的盐桥。进一步地,研究人员发现K95乙酰化修饰(Ac-K95RRM2)破坏了RRM2同源二聚体的形成和活性RNR异源四聚体的组装,显着的抑制了RNR的酶活。通过siRNA筛选,研究人员还鉴定了RRM2Ac-K95 乙酰化酶(acetyltransferase)和去乙酰化酶(deacetylase),其分别为KAT7和Sirt2。

DNA合成主要发生于DNA复制期(S phase)和DNA修复时,为了进一步明确Ac-K95的生理功能,研究人员发现Ac-K95RRM2在细胞周期的S期比G1期显着减少,保证了S期DNA复制时RNR的激活,和足量的dNTP供给。同时发现,在DNA损伤的时候,ATR磷酸化RRM2并增强与其去乙酰化酶Sirt2相互作用和去乙酰化过程,保证了在DNA损伤条件下RNR的快速激活和有效的DNA修复。不断的DNA复制和分裂是肿瘤细胞的主要特征,论文中研究人员发现肿瘤细胞通过高表达RRM2去乙酰化酶来激活RNR,为肿瘤的快速增值提供足量的dNTPs支持。该研究鉴定了一种新的调控RNR酶活的翻译后修饰方式,并详细阐述了其在DNA复制和DNA修复时保证dNTPs浓度平衡中的作用,揭示了一种新的保持基因组稳定性的机制。并为基于DNA复制和修复的肿瘤治疗提供了一种新的靶点和思路。

现就职于暨南大学基础医学院的陈果教授为该论文的第一作者,美国埃默里大学Winship 癌症研究所的Xingming Deng教授为该论文的通讯作者。

原始出处:
Guo Chen, Yin Luo, Kurt Warncke, et al.Acetylation regulates ribonucleotide reductase activity and cancer cell growth,Nature Communicationsvolume10, Article number: 3213 (2019)

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    2019-08-09 liuli5079
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    2019-08-24 liye789132251
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