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J Sci Med Sport:体育运动能明显提高3-7岁儿童认知能力

2020-10-10 李龙凯,全明辉 李龙凯,全明辉

经常参加体育运动的孩子,能够长得更高,更结实,更不容易生病,已经成了大家的共识。然而,如果说坚持体育运动还能提高孩子的认知能力水平,可能就众口不一了。

经常参加体育运动的孩子,能够长得更高,更结实,更不容易生病,已经成了大家的共识。然而,如果说坚持体育运动还能提高孩子的认知能力水平,可能就众口不一了。近期,一篇关于体育运动对3-7岁儿童认知能力影响的综述研究探讨了这个问题,我们也许可以从中找到答案。

体育运动能有效促进儿童认知能力发展

认知能力可通俗的理解为智力,如观察力、记忆力和想象力等。人们认识客观世界,获得各种知识,主要依赖于认知能力。它是人们最重要的能力,影响人生的方方面面。执行功能属于高级认知能力,其在儿童期高速发展,且与成年后的经济收入和健康状况息息相关。因此,儿童时期执行功能是否健康发展受到广泛关注。

近期,上海体育学院儿童体质研究团队在《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》期刊上发表了一篇系统综述研究[1],探讨4周以上的持续体育运动对3-7岁儿童执行功能的影响。

 

作者通过对10篇干预性研究(包含4个国家共计716名受试者)汇总分析后发现,持续4周以上的体育运动对3-7岁儿童执行功能的发展具有一定促进作用。并且,这种积极作用不受运动周期(≥10周vs<10周)、运动时长(≥35min/次vs <35min/次)和运动频率(≥3次/周vs <3次/周)的影响,即只要运动起来就能有益于执行功能。此外,研究还发现不同类型的运动对执行功能的作用不尽相同,包含认知参与的开放性运动(即需要激发更多的认知参与以完成复杂的技能动作或配合队友应对场上的变化等,如团队游戏、球类运动等)优于简单重复的闭合性运动(如跑步、骑自行车等)。

 

低龄儿童每天应该满足多少活动量

既然坚持体育运动有益于3-7岁儿童执行功能的发展,那么低龄儿童每天应该满足多少活动量呢?2018年6月9日,国内首部《学龄前儿童(3~6岁)运动指南(专家共识版)》在京正式发布。该《指南》提出了我国学龄前儿童每天进行各种类型的身体活动时间应累计达到180分钟以上。其中,中等及以上强度的身体活动累计应不少于60分钟。” 同时,针对我国学龄前儿童户外活动不足的现状,《指南》建议“每天应进行至少120分钟的户外活动”。此外,《指南》还指出:证据表明学龄前期积极参加体育运动的孩子,比总是静坐少动的孩子在今后更容易取得优异的学业成绩。

Note:
身体活动:肌肉收缩导致能量消耗增加的任何机体活动,包括了体育运动、家务劳动和通勤等。
体育运动:有计划、有组织的身体活动,目的是为了提高或者保持一种或几种身体能力/技能。
 

体育运动作为一种安全和低成本的方式,不仅能有效促进儿童的身体发育,还能积极促进其认知能力发展及早期智力开发。因此,我们应鼓励儿童多参与体育活动,培养体育运动兴趣,建立体育运动习惯,从而促进其身心全面健康发展。

参考文献
[1]. Li L, Zhang J, Cao M, et al. The effects of chronic physical activity interventions on executive functions in children aged 3-7 years: A meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2020;23(10):949-954.  
D:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.03.007

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    2020-10-13 咻凡

    经常参加体育运动的孩子,能够长得更高,更结实,更不容易生病,已经成了大家的共识。然而,如果说坚持体育运动还能提高孩子的认知能力水平,可能就众口不一了。

    0

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    2020-10-12 ms9000000482579388

    学习了

    0

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    2020-10-11 ms3000000449926787

    学习了

    0

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