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BMC Infect Dis:母体脊灰病毒抗体对婴儿对脊灰病毒疫苗免疫反应的影响

2021-06-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

母体小儿麻痹病毒抗体可以为新生儿提供被动免疫,使其在出生后的头几个月免受小儿麻痹病毒感染,但它们也可能损害婴儿对小儿麻痹病毒疫苗的免疫反应。本研究中,研究人员汇总了基于Sabin毒株的脊髓灰质炎灭活疫

母体小儿麻痹病毒抗体可以为新生儿提供被动免疫,使其在出生后的头几个月免受小儿麻痹病毒感染,但它们也可能损害婴儿对小儿麻痹病毒疫苗的免疫反应。本研究中,研究人员汇总了基于Sabin毒株的脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)的三项临床试验数据,以研究母体脊髓灰质炎抗体对婴儿对脊髓灰质炎疫苗免疫反应的影响,研究结果已发表于BMC Infect Dis。

研究汇总分析包括五组:低剂量Sabin IPV、中剂量Sabin IPV、高剂量Sabin IPV、对照Sabin IPV和对照Salk IPV组。通过两种方法对不同组别的婴儿进行重新分类,第一种方法包括母体抗体阴性(<1:8)和母体抗体阳性(≥1:8),第二种方法包括母体抗体滴度<1:8、1:8~<1:32和≥1:32。然后比较不同母体小儿麻痹病毒抗体水平的参与者在接种疫苗后的几何平均滴度(GMTs)、几何平均抗体倍数增加(GMIs)和小儿麻痹病毒类型特异性中和抗体的血清转换率。

 

结果显示,母体抗体阴性的参与者在接种后三种类型的小儿麻痹病毒抗体的GMTs和GMIs均明显高于母体抗体阳性的参与者。母体抗体阳性参与者的II型和III型脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体的血清转换率明显低于母体抗体阴性参与者。在母源抗体滴度<1:8、1:8~<1:32和≥1:32的参与者中,接种后三种类型的脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体的GMTs和GMIs随着母源抗体水平的提高而呈现下降趋势。母体抗体滴度≥1:32的参与者的三种类型的脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体的血清转换率明显低于母体抗体滴度<1:8和1:8~<1:32的参与者。

综上,母体小儿麻痹病毒抗体会干扰婴儿对小儿麻痹病毒疫苗的免疫反应,而且高水平的母体抗体表现出更大的抑制作用。

 

原始出处:

 

Siyue Jia, et al., The effect of maternal poliovirus antibodies on the immune responses of infants to poliovirus vaccines. BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Aug 31;20(1):641. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05348-1.

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