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BMC Biology:原始卵泡激活信号通路研究

2018-07-10 BMC中国 BMC期刊

<div>2018年7月5日,中国农业大学生物学院张华教授与夏国良教授合作,在BMC Biology上报道了一种小分子GTP酶,细胞分裂周期蛋白42(下文简称CDC42)在小鼠休眠卵泡的激活调控中的新功能。BMC Biology编辑特邀张华教授(该文通讯作者之一,中国农业大学生物学院教授,***青年***)借该文上线的机会,向读者介绍这一研究工作的主要成果。</div><div><br></div><div>雌性哺乳动物<a class="channel_keylink" href="http://customer.medsci.cn/merck/merck20180621/index.html" target="_blank">生殖</a>的基本功能单位是卵泡,其在结构上由单个卵母细胞与具有内分泌功能的颗粒细胞共同构成。普遍观点认为,包括人类在内的大多数哺乳动物物种,卵巢中的全部卵泡均在<a class="channel_keylink" href="http://customer.medsci.cn/merck/merck20180621/index.html" target="_

2018年7月5日,中国农业大学生物学院张华教授与夏国良教授合作,在BMC Biology上报道了一种小分子GTP酶,细胞分裂周期蛋白42(下文简称CDC42)在小鼠休眠卵泡的激活调控中的新功能。BMC Biology编辑特邀张华教授(该文通讯作者之一,中国农业大学生物学院教授,中组部青年***)借该文上线的机会,向读者介绍这一研究工作的主要成果。

雌性哺乳动物生殖的基本功能单位是卵泡,其在结构上由单个卵母细胞与具有内分泌功能的颗粒细胞共同构成。普遍观点认为,包括人类在内的大多数哺乳动物物种,卵巢中的全部卵泡均在胚胎期前后形成,并在随后的生命进程中逐渐被消耗,卵泡数量的递减最终导致了生殖衰老与绝经的发生。原始卵泡是卵泡发育的起点,更是雌性生殖储备的表现形式;在成年卵巢中,数量庞大的原始卵泡全部被维持在休眠状态,直到通过一个称为卵泡激活(primordial follicle activation)的过程才可进入后续发育,转化为生长卵泡参与到生殖活动中。哺乳动物的原始卵泡库就像是被翻转后沙漏上方的沙子,而这个沙漏则计量着雌性动物的生殖寿命。原始卵泡激活则是沙漏的瓶颈,决定了卵泡被利用的速率和质量。因而,研究原始卵泡激活的细胞与分子机制,对于我们理解雌性生育寿命调控以及相关卵巢疾病的发生具有重要意义。

在BMC Biology此次在线发表的文章中,张华教授团队与夏国良教授团队等人合作研究了原始卵泡激活中,小鼠卵母细胞是如何被从休眠中唤醒的。研究发现了隶属于Rho家族的小GTP酶CDC42,随着卵泡激活在卵巢中的表达以及卵母细胞膜的分布显著增强。利用体外全卵巢培养体系,对卵巢中的CDC42进行过表达及敲降,发现其活性与原始卵泡激活的比率呈正相关。进一步地,超活化和结构性失活点突变研究表明CDC42参与卵泡激活的具体机制,是通过结合到PI3K激酶的催化亚基p110β促进PI3K激酶在卵母细胞膜的分布和活性实现的。同时,CDC42的活化还下调了PI3K信号通路的关键负调控因子PTEN的表达,从而使得PI3K信号进一步的活化,促进卵母细胞激活。在该文章中,张华教授团队还探索了利用CDC42激动剂人为刺激原始卵泡激活的可能性,发现在体外应用短时间的CDC42激动剂处理可以显著地促进新生和成年小鼠中原始卵泡激活的比率,从而提示其在临床上具有通过激活休眠卵泡,治疗传统辅助生殖无能为力的女性不孕症的潜力。

近十年来,随着技术手段的不断更新,学界对卵巢中休眠卵泡发育调控机制的认识得到了长足的进步。随着对休眠卵泡发育激活机制的认识深入,利用休眠卵泡克服传统辅助生殖技术无法解决的的不孕问题成为了可能,并正在稳步展开临床实践。本研究加深了我们对原始卵泡激活这精确调控过程的内在分子机制的认知,并有望在临床上指导新一代辅助生殖技术的开发与进步。

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    2018-09-09 sunylz
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    2018-07-10 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-07-10 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-07-10 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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