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《癌症疼痛诊疗上海专家共识(2017版)》正式发布——新定义、新进展、新管理,力促上海癌痛诊疗及全程管理规范化

2017-10-30 佚名 ioncology

10月27日-28日,2017上海市抗癌协会癌症康复与姑息治疗专业委员会(CRPC)年会在上海召开。会议期间,由上海市抗癌协会癌症康复与姑息专业委员会主持编撰的《癌症疼痛诊疗上海专家共识(2017版)》(下称“共识”)正式发布,从“新定义、新进展、新管理”三方面进一步规划了上海癌痛诊疗行为及全程管理。

10月27日-28日,2017上海市抗癌协会癌症康复与姑息治疗专业委员会(CRPC)年会在上海召开。会议期间,由上海市抗癌协会癌症康复与姑息专业委员会主持编撰的《癌症疼痛诊疗上海专家共识(2017版)》(下称“共识”)正式发布,从“新定义、新进展、新管理”三方面进一步规划了上海癌痛诊疗行为及全程管理。上海市卫生和计划生育委员会医政医管处处长吴宏,中国抗癌协会理事、临床化疗专业委员会主任委员、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院荣誉教授孙曾一教授,复旦大学附属肿瘤医院副院长吴炅教授,蔚蓝丝带关爱癌痛患者协作组秘书长兼副组长、中国抗癌协会癌症康复与姑息治疗专业委员会前任主任委员、上海长征医院肿瘤科主任医师王杰军教授,上海抗癌协会癌症康复和姑息治疗专业委员会主任委员、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院肿瘤内科主任胡夕春教授,新华医院宁养院主任沈伟主任共同启动仪式,正式发布共识。共识的主要编撰者——胡夕春教授和王杰军教授现场解读共识亮点,并共同呼吁加强癌痛患者全程管理规范,改善癌症患者生活质量。

尽管近年来全球对于癌痛的认识和治疗均取得很大进展,但癌痛治疗的效果却不容乐观。据上海市卫生计生委于2017年发布的一组最新数据,目前上海市恶性肿瘤患者超过35万人,5年相对生存率达53%,高于国家癌症中心报道的30%的全国平均水平。而据调查显示,我国的癌痛患者仅有41%能够得到有效的缓解,晚期癌痛患者仅有25%可以得到有效的缓解。除了医生和患者对于癌痛的认识不足,癌痛治疗知识匮乏、癌痛诊疗及全程管理规范化有待提升也是造成癌痛治疗不足的主要原因。基于此,本次发布的共识在卫生部原有规范的基础上,结合全球先进研究及上海市实际临床经验而制定,旨在进一步规范我国尤其是上海市癌痛诊疗行为和全程管理。

新定义:癌痛不是只让身心“受苦”,干预要趁早

国际上曾经将疼痛简单定义为组织损伤或潜在组织损伤引起的不愉快的多维的感觉和情感体验,但随着临床和研究经验的累积,疼痛的定义已被逐渐扩展。本次发布的共识将癌痛内涵从对组织损伤和心理层面的关注,扩展到患者认知和社会功能层面,明确了癌痛用药和管理必须全方位进行,并需涉及生理、心理和社会各个层面。

此外,共识指出,为了有效、及时地预防、控制和消除疼痛,癌痛治疗应遵循及早治疗和综合治疗的原则。研究证实,晚期恶性肿瘤患者姑息治疗,越早开始,患者生存获益越大。早期积极姑息治疗可显着降低严重疼痛的发生率,阻止癌痛演变为难治性神经病理性疼痛,有助于提高患者的生活质量。

“近年来,癌痛诊治越来越多地得到临床医师及社会的高度重视,”复旦大学附属肿瘤医院肿瘤内科主任胡夕春教授表示,“随着医疗水平的进步和患者需求的变化,我们医务工作者的使命已不再只是帮助患者减轻疼痛,如何切实有效地提升患者的生活质量和生命尊严更是我们完善共识、临床用药和加强全程管理的首要出发点。”

新进展:明确用药指导,三阶梯给药仍是癌痛药物治疗的基础

根据疼痛的程度,癌痛分为轻、中、重度三大类。常用的癌痛治疗药物分为非阿片类药物、阿片类药物和辅助镇痛药物。本次发布的共识明确了非甾体类药物及弱阿片类药物用药指导:阿片类药物是中度和中度癌痛治疗的基础用药,不推荐非甾体类抗炎药联合治疗。如果需要长期使用或日用剂量已达到限制性计量时,应考虑更换阿片类药物;在联合用药的情况下,只增加阿片类用药剂量。2017版共识还特别提到,对于评分在4~6分的中度癌痛患者,建议使用小剂量的强阿片类药物。

同时,共识还更新了强阿片类药物的使用。经研究,强阿片类药物短效和长效制剂均可用于滴定,盐酸羟考酮缓释片滴定效果优于吗啡即释片:滴定周期和镇痛起效时间显着缩短,不良反应发生率也显着低于吗啡即释片。但是,在选择强阿片类药物起始剂量时,应区分阿片类药物不耐受患者和阿片类药物耐受患者;不推荐贴剂用于阿片类药物不耐受的患者。

新管理:加强门诊患者管理,多方协作共同提升患者生活质量

门诊癌痛患者管理是癌痛诊疗规范化管理的重要组成部分。门诊癌痛管理中包括了治疗前的充分知情与治疗开始后的定期随访。尤其是在强阿片药物的使用方面,治疗前应充分告知门诊患者及家属阿片类药物治疗的获益及潜在风险,特别是让患者及家属了解药物的不良反应及阿片类药物潜在的误用、滥用和成瘾风险。因此,考虑到门诊癌痛患者用药依从性,结合住院癌痛患者药物使用的经验,建议门诊癌痛患者将非创伤的缓释、控释制剂药物作为首选(如盐酸羟考酮缓释片等)。

除了坚持科学、合理的用药,良好的疼痛控制也需要肿瘤科、疼痛科、介入治疗科和麻醉科等医师共同参与多学科团队合作。蔚蓝丝带关爱癌痛患者协作组秘书长兼副组长、中国抗癌协会癌症康复与姑息治疗专业委员会前任主任委员王杰军教授表示:“在科学抗癌的‘前线’,离不开各学科团队的参与和协作。同时后方也有着像蔚蓝丝带公益活动这样为普及癌痛知识、提升癌痛规范化治疗管理水平做出巨大贡献的有力‘后方支持部队’。未来,我们希望在共识的科学指导下,通过多方协作加强癌痛患者门诊规范化管理,最终改善癌症患者的生活质量,实现‘无痛生活 尊严人生’的夙愿。”

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844903, encodeId=f0511844903df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Fri Mar 02 17:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1978224, encodeId=e70b19e822413, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1111e60615a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#管理规范#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76061, encryptionId=1111e60615a, topicName=管理规范)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=02f5179, createdName=luoxiaog, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 05:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1691353, encodeId=b4551691353a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a6cc90633f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#规范化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90633, encryptionId=a6cc90633f2, topicName=规范化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Tue Jan 23 19:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1949302, encodeId=ca3719493020b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ed95833172' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新定义#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58331, encryptionId=5ed95833172, topicName=新定义)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Tue Aug 07 11:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519439, encodeId=b9121519439af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2a5a29603cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全程管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29603, encryptionId=2a5a29603cc, topicName=全程管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e40d11278729, createdName=yeye5224616, createdTime=Wed Nov 01 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617985, encodeId=a8c6161e98559, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78a6e1426ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症疼痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71426, encryptionId=78a6e1426ae, topicName=癌症疼痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b8c319815959, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Wed Nov 01 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844903, encodeId=f0511844903df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Fri Mar 02 17:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1978224, encodeId=e70b19e822413, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1111e60615a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#管理规范#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76061, encryptionId=1111e60615a, topicName=管理规范)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=02f5179, createdName=luoxiaog, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 05:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1691353, encodeId=b4551691353a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a6cc90633f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#规范化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90633, encryptionId=a6cc90633f2, topicName=规范化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Tue Jan 23 19:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1949302, encodeId=ca3719493020b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ed95833172' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新定义#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58331, encryptionId=5ed95833172, topicName=新定义)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Tue Aug 07 11:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519439, encodeId=b9121519439af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2a5a29603cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全程管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29603, encryptionId=2a5a29603cc, topicName=全程管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e40d11278729, createdName=yeye5224616, createdTime=Wed Nov 01 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617985, encodeId=a8c6161e98559, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78a6e1426ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症疼痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71426, encryptionId=78a6e1426ae, topicName=癌症疼痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b8c319815959, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Wed Nov 01 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844903, encodeId=f0511844903df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Fri Mar 02 17:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1978224, encodeId=e70b19e822413, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1111e60615a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#管理规范#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76061, encryptionId=1111e60615a, topicName=管理规范)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=02f5179, createdName=luoxiaog, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 05:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1691353, encodeId=b4551691353a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a6cc90633f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#规范化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90633, encryptionId=a6cc90633f2, topicName=规范化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Tue Jan 23 19:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1949302, encodeId=ca3719493020b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ed95833172' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新定义#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58331, encryptionId=5ed95833172, topicName=新定义)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Tue Aug 07 11:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519439, encodeId=b9121519439af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2a5a29603cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全程管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29603, encryptionId=2a5a29603cc, topicName=全程管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e40d11278729, createdName=yeye5224616, createdTime=Wed Nov 01 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617985, encodeId=a8c6161e98559, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78a6e1426ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症疼痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71426, encryptionId=78a6e1426ae, topicName=癌症疼痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b8c319815959, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Wed Nov 01 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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