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Nature 子刊:浙江大学报道小鼠发育及成熟细胞图谱

2022-08-01 浙江大学基础医学院 网络

研究者比较了不同细胞谱系的分化特征,发现了跨谱系命运决定的共性调控因子。

多细胞生物发育过程的高度可重复性表明有一套系统的调控程序可以控制细胞命运决定。根据沃丁顿(Waddington)的表观遗传景观理论,命运决定过程中,各种细胞类型起源于不稳定的干/祖细胞状态,最终落入稳定的细胞命运吸引子。近年来,单细胞组学正在改变我们对沃丁顿表观遗传景观的理解,抽象出更加综合性的概念“状态流形”(state manifold)来增强对谱系发育的理解。然而,“状态流形”背后的基因调控规律及分子机制目前仍然知之甚少。“状态流形”图上是否存在共有的“地心引力”,作用与各个谱系的命运决定,尚有待进一步的探索。

浙江大学基础医学院郭国骥/韩晓平团队,长期致力于单细胞测序与细胞命运决定的相关研究,自主研发Microwell-seq高通量单细胞分析平台,并于2018年和2020年分别在CELL和NATURE上发表了首个小鼠细胞图谱和人类细胞图谱。在前期的基础之上,团队对小鼠七个重要发育阶段的十个重要组织进行了单细胞转录组分析,跨越了胚胎早期到成年成熟期,获得超过520000个单细胞转录组数据,描绘了小鼠谱系发育和成熟过程的细胞状态流形图,并揭示了控制细胞命运决定的基因调控网络。相关研究论文“Systematic identification of cell-fate regulatory programs using a single-cell atlas of mouse development”于2022年7月11日在线发表于Nature Genetics上。

该研究分析了胚胎早期到成年成熟期多个组织器官的基因表达变化,时期包括胚胎E10.5,E12.5,E14.5,以及出生后0天(P0),P10,P21和成年(6-10周)。组织覆盖神经、呼吸、消化、循环、泌尿、生殖等系统。研究显示谱系发育是一个转录混乱度逐渐下降的熵减过程。研究者建立了系统的转录因子调控网络,识别了超900个regulon(转录因子-靶基因的组合),并且识别了15种不同的表达模式,其中包含了谱系特异性的表达模式和跨谱系共有的表达模式。研究者比较了不同细胞谱系的分化特征,发现了跨谱系命运决定的共性调控因子。

团队在小鼠图谱的基础上进一步整合已发表的无脊椎动物(涡虫、线虫、海鞘和水螅)和脊椎动物(斑马鱼和人类)发育图谱,探索发育的保守性特征。研究者建立了跨物种细胞“状态流形”图谱,其中谱系特异调控元件参与指导细胞类型的出现,而谱系共有调控元件稳定细胞的状态。在跨物种谱系共有调控元件的分析中,研究者发现转录因子Xbp1在所有七个物种的发育过程中都出现了跨谱系谱系共有上调的情况。团队利用CRISPR/Cas9技术获得Xbp1+/-基因编辑小鼠,并利用单细胞转录组测序和蛋白质质谱分析,解析Xbp1敲除胚胎的表型。研究发现,Xbp1的缺失,导致了干祖细胞类型的增殖和谱系分化细胞类型的减少;在转录和蛋白水平上,干性基因上调,熵值增加,而谱系特异性基因下调,这些都暗示了Xbp1在跨谱系的分化过程中起着共性调控的作用。该工作为细胞命运决定的相关研究提供了的全新见解,并为细胞“状态流形”的新理论提供了数据资源。

该论文的第一作者为浙江大学基础医学院博士研究生费丽江、博士后陈海德、硕士研究生马立枫等。论文获得了国家重点研发计划及国家自然科学基金的支持。

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    2023-05-31 liye789132251
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    2022-07-16 neurowu

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