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Stem Cell Reports:视网膜修复手术迎来变革?小斑马鱼给我们大启发

2017-04-05 佚名 36 氪

仿生学往往能给人类很多科学的灵感。据国家权威部门统计,中国是世界盲人最多的国家, 约有 500 万, 占全世界盲人口的 18%,而视网膜损坏是失明的重要原因。有一种小小的斑马鱼,它有着极强的再生能力,尤其是失明之后仍然可以自我修复。科学家正在研究这种鱼,希望能从中获取灵感治疗失明,如果有进展的话,或许可以为眼科医疗带来巨大变化。通过研究斑马鱼如何复原视网膜,研究员可以解决人类的失明问题。斑马鱼虽然

仿生学往往能给人类很多科学的灵感。据国家权威部门统计,中国是世界盲人最多的国家, 约有 500 万, 占全世界盲人口的 18%,而视网膜损坏是失明的重要原因。有一种小小的斑马鱼,它有着极强的再生能力,尤其是失明之后仍然可以自我修复。科学家正在研究这种鱼,希望能从中获取灵感治疗失明,如果有进展的话,或许可以为眼科医疗带来巨大变化。



通过研究斑马鱼如何复原视网膜,研究员可以解决人类的失明问题。

斑马鱼虽然只有几厘米长,但是却拥有惊人的能力。它们可以使遭受过损伤的心脏和大脑再生。鱼鳍被砍掉也可以再生。如果它们失明,也可以重见光明。

科学家正在研究它治愈失明的强大能力。范德比尔特的科学家发现了斑马鱼重生视网膜的秘诀。如果这项技能能够复制到人类身上,就可以给因视网膜或者其他损伤导致失明的患者带来治愈的希望。

主导这项研究的范德比尔特(Vanderbilt)的生物科学教授詹姆斯巴顿说:“当我对斑马鱼可以重生大部分的组织和器官的能力了解的越多,我就越感兴趣。尤其是知道它只要花三到四周就可以修复受损的视网膜而重见光明。

斑马鱼是一种淡水小鱼,因身上的条状花纹得名,它一直是科学研究的主要对象。它们很好养殖,生长迅速,在幼时全身透明,所以有利于人们研究其体内的器官。而且它们还拥有再生能力。因为它们与人类有 70% 的相似基因,所以人们经常使用它们来研究人类基因及疾病。

斑马鱼的视网膜的细胞组织几乎与人类一致,都有三层神经细胞:光检测感受细胞、信号集合水平细胞、还有传递信息到大脑的神经节细胞。

巴顿说:”所以我越来越感兴趣为什么人类不能让受损的视网膜重生而鱼类却可以。在现代社会,视网膜受损是导致失明的主要原因。而视网膜受损的原因包括:由年龄原因引起的视网膜老化而导致的视觉模糊或者视觉白点,叫做黄斑部变性;糖尿病视网膜病变,糖尿病引起的眼部血管病;视网膜色素变性,基因引起的视网膜色点退化。由于人类的视网膜不能再生,所以任何疾病或者损伤引起的视网膜疾病都是永久性的。

巴顿和他的小组成员非常的好奇,斑马鱼的视网膜是如何开始重生的。之前的研究表示,可能是从斑马鱼退化的光感细胞中的生长基因开始的。眼睛里的火花茎秆细胞开始去分化(返回到早期的生长阶段),然后分化到新的视网膜细胞里。但是巴顿的一个学生 Mahesh Rao 提出,可以关注氨基丁酸神经传递素(一种大脑里的化学信息),从而减少神经的活跃度,他提到氨基丁酸被发现可以控制老鼠大脑中的干细胞活跃度。

小组成员通过一个失明的斑马鱼来测试 Rao 的观点——先把它们放在黑暗中几天,然后再暴露在亮光下,接着再给他们注射氨基丁酸激素。同时也把氨基丁酸慢速剂注入正常视力的斑马鱼身上。他们发现失明的斑马鱼在注入氨基丁酸后不能正常恢复视网膜,同时正常的斑马鱼却可以。这表明低浓度的氨基丁酸能使视网膜再生。

这项发现被发表在本期的《Stem Cell Reports》杂志中。

“我们希望使用鱼作为模型,来更好地发现关于视网膜再生的原因和机制,也希望有一天可以运用到人的身上。”巴顿先生说。

这个小组已经开始在老鼠身上测试氨基丁酸的猜测。如果确如所说,那么这项成果将会在人类身上使用,测试看氨基丁酸是不是可以刺激视网膜的重生。

如果这项研究确实证明在人体上有用,那么四千万失明的人将要大大感谢这条小小的斑马鱼。

原始出处:
Rao MB, Didiano D, Patton JG.Neurotransmitter-Regulated Regeneration in the Zebrafish Retina.Stem Cell Reports. 2017 Mar 6.

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    2017-11-15 维他命
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794473, encodeId=63301e9447304, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82b416e79f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#stem cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16779, encryptionId=82b416e79f5, topicName=stem cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 10:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869853, encodeId=d47a18698534d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Jan 14 20:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960112, encodeId=4a9f196011230, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Nov 15 23:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1269860, encodeId=f6a5126986059, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=979690e33bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90733, encryptionId=979690e33bd, topicName=视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=742793, createdName=zutt, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420886, encodeId=f02d14208864a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f4e85e9565c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#斑马鱼#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57956, encryptionId=f4e85e9565c, topicName=斑马鱼)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=84283623605, createdName=lg.zhao, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481977, encodeId=974314819e77e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8cc416e78f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#STEM#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16778, encryptionId=8cc416e78f3, topicName=STEM)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1067833268, createdName=12498bb3m92(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185396, encodeId=649d185396dc, content=涨知识,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 05 22:36:33 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-07 zutt
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794473, encodeId=63301e9447304, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82b416e79f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#stem cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16779, encryptionId=82b416e79f5, topicName=stem cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 10:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869853, encodeId=d47a18698534d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Jan 14 20:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960112, encodeId=4a9f196011230, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Nov 15 23:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1269860, encodeId=f6a5126986059, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=979690e33bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90733, encryptionId=979690e33bd, topicName=视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=742793, createdName=zutt, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420886, encodeId=f02d14208864a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f4e85e9565c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#斑马鱼#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57956, encryptionId=f4e85e9565c, topicName=斑马鱼)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=84283623605, createdName=lg.zhao, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481977, encodeId=974314819e77e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8cc416e78f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#STEM#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16778, encryptionId=8cc416e78f3, topicName=STEM)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1067833268, createdName=12498bb3m92(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185396, encodeId=649d185396dc, content=涨知识,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 05 22:36:33 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-07 lg.zhao
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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794473, encodeId=63301e9447304, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82b416e79f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#stem cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16779, encryptionId=82b416e79f5, topicName=stem cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 10:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869853, encodeId=d47a18698534d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Jan 14 20:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960112, encodeId=4a9f196011230, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Nov 15 23:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1269860, encodeId=f6a5126986059, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=979690e33bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90733, encryptionId=979690e33bd, topicName=视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=742793, createdName=zutt, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420886, encodeId=f02d14208864a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f4e85e9565c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#斑马鱼#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57956, encryptionId=f4e85e9565c, topicName=斑马鱼)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=84283623605, createdName=lg.zhao, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481977, encodeId=974314819e77e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8cc416e78f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#STEM#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16778, encryptionId=8cc416e78f3, topicName=STEM)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1067833268, createdName=12498bb3m92(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185396, encodeId=649d185396dc, content=涨知识,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 05 22:36:33 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-05 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    涨知识,学习了

    0

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没有发现特殊的原因,但进一步的问诊显示该患者经常服用西地那非治疗勃起功能障碍。西地那非已知的副作用是引起视网膜血管阻塞。

Curr&nbspBiol:研究人员在视网膜中发现近视细胞 近视疗法有望被开发

近日,发表在国际杂志Current Biology上的一篇研究报告中,来自美国西北大学范伯格医学院(Northwestern Medicine)的研究人员通过研究在视网膜中发现了一种新细胞,当该细胞出现功能性障碍时就会致人近视,而这种特殊细胞的异常或许还和儿童在室内远离自然光线的时间有直接关联

Sci Rep:儿童和青少年时期血脂异常的重要危害性!

近期,一项发表在杂志Sci Rep上的研究旨在评估儿童和青少年血脂参数与视网膜微血管口径之间的关系。此项共招募了950名7岁至19岁的参与者。中央视网膜小动脉直径(CRAE)和中央视网膜静脉直径(CRVE)由数字视网膜图像测量。使用血清学检测以获得脂质水平的分布。根据美国国家专家小组的指导方针定义血脂异常。根据年龄、性别、平均动脉血压、轴长、体重指数和视网膜血管直径调整后分析,12岁以下儿童的视网

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