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ACR 2021:类风湿性关节炎患者“撞见” ANCA 阳性和血管炎会怎样?

2021-11-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

类风湿性关节炎合并ANCA阳性会怎样?合并血管炎又会怎样?哪种会被最先诊断出来?背后的免疫机制又是怎样呢?

背景/目的:抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体 (ANCA) 相关性血管炎 (AAV) 与类风湿性关节炎 (RA) 的报道很少。但是研究发现 ANCA 在一部分RA 患者中呈阳性。该研究的目的是描述一组类风关和血管炎患者,将类风关患者合并血管炎患者与ANCA 阳性但是没有血管炎的类风关患者进行比较。

方法:在这项回顾性研究中,纳入了在学术中心评估的 RA+ANCA 阳性患者队列。提取的数据包括人口统计学、血清阳性、ANCA 特异性、RA 的临床特征、AAV 的诊断和 AAV 的临床特征。

结果:该研究包括 77 名患者,平均 (±SD) 年龄 60.2 (17.2) 岁,78% 为女性。ANCA 血清学包括 58% 的核周 (p)-ANCA、26% 的细胞质 (c)-ANCA、43% 的髓过氧化物酶 (MPO) 和 26% 的蛋白酶 3 (PR3)。20 名患者 (26%) p-ANCA/MPO 阳性,3 名患者 (4%) c-ANCA/PR3 阳性,7​​ 名患者 (9%) p-ANCA/PR3 阳性和 1 名患者 (1%) c- ANCA/MPO 阳性。

25 名患者 (32%) 被诊断为 AAV;9 (36%) 显微镜下多血管炎 (MPA),8 (32%) 肉芽肿伴多血管炎 (GPA),1 (4%) 嗜酸性肉芽肿伴多血管炎 (EGPA),1 (4%) GPA 与类风湿性血管炎(外周溃疡性角膜炎,巩膜炎、突发性听力损失、MPO 阳性)。6 名患者 (24%) 的诊断无法分类(1 例归因于血管炎的间质性肺病、3 例伴有溃疡的皮肤血管炎、1 例血管炎引起的多发指梗塞、1 例白细胞碎裂性血管炎)。

RA 的诊断在 92% 的病例中先于血管炎,4% 的病例同时发生,4% 的病例发生在血管炎之后。AAV的临床表现见表1。RA+ANCA阳性但未确诊AAV的患者中,1例鼻中隔穿孔伴息肉,

RA+AAV 患者与 RA+ANCA 无 AAV 患者的比较见表 2。通过间接免疫荧光 (IIF) 检测出 ANCA 阳性且对 MPO 或 PR3 具有抗体特异性的患者临床诊断为自动驾驶汽车。即使排除了无法分类的 6 名患者,这些发现仍然很重要(数据未显示)。

结论: RA 中的 AAV 包括数个嗜酸性肉芽肿伴多血管炎和显微镜下多血管炎病例。RA 的诊断几乎总是先于 AAV 的诊断肾脏受累是 AAV 最常见的表现。关于孤立性皮肤血管炎是否归因于 RA 或 AAV 存在不确定性,并且该队列中有 24% 被诊断为 AAV 皮肤血管炎。许多没有血管炎的患者具有阳性 MPO 或 PR3 抗体。ANCA 通过 IIF 与 MPO 或 PR3 的存在,即使不一致,也将 RA+AAV 患者与没有血管炎的患者区分开来,突出了对这部分 RA 患者进行临床警惕的必要性。需要阐明这种罕见重叠背后的免疫机制。

O'Brien C, Ranganath V, Kermani T. ANCA Positivity and ANCA Associated Vasculitis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021; 73 (suppl 10). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/anca-positivity-and-anca-associated-vasculitis-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritis/. Accessed November 16, 2021.

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    2021-11-18 lmm397
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    2021-11-18 10518094zz
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    2021-11-18 Boyinsh
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