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Metabolism:新冠肺炎合并2型糖尿病患者入院前抗糖尿病药物的使用与死亡率

2022-04-25 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

一些危险因素与新冠肺炎的进展和恶化有关,如高龄、糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病和肥胖。糖尿病在全球范围内的患病率不断上升,已成为新冠肺炎患者的主要共病,并使他们容易出现不良预后。

背景:自2019年末以来,SARS-CoV-2作为一种新的致病微生物出现,导致了新冠肺炎大流行。截至2021年11月底,全球已有超过2.57亿人感染SARS-CoV-2,其中约510万人死亡。一些危险因素与新冠肺炎的进展和恶化有关,如高龄、糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病和肥胖。糖尿病在全球范围内的患病率不断上升,已成为新冠肺炎患者的主要共病,并使他们容易出现不良预后。已经提出了许多可能的途径,包括炎症级联反应增加、免疫功能受损、葡萄糖稳态失调、高凝状态、肺泡高通透性和血管内皮细胞损伤。这些病理生理变化可能导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征、血栓栓塞事件和细胞因子风暴,从而导致与新冠肺炎相关的死亡人数增加。

在过去的二十年里,许多药物被批准用于糖尿病患者,导致用药趋势发生了明显的变化。降糖疗法作为潜在的宿主导向疗法,由于其作用机制可能影响SARS-CoV-2感染的自然过程,最近也受到了广泛的关注。许多研究已经评估了入院前使用某些抗糖尿病药物是否会改善这些参与者的预后。这一结果仍然存在争议,部分原因是不同类别的药物在对抗SARS-CoV-2的有效性和安全性方面可能不同。临床前研究和实际数据之间的差距必须弥合。例如,二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂(DPP-4I)因其安全性、心血管中性以及可能缓解SARS-CoV-2感染过程的潜在机制而受到广泛关注。虽然这一类对新冠肺炎预后影响的确切机制尚不清楚,但几个假说可能提供一些见解。除了葡萄糖稳态外,DPP-4i还抑制DPP-4酶,该酶参与了新冠肺炎的许多病理生理事件,包括T细胞增殖、核因子kappa轻链激活B(NF-kB)激活、CD86mRNA表达和炎症细胞因子的产生。然而,许多研究和荟萃分析表明,与新冠肺炎相比,DPP-4i并没有显著的好处。此外,即使对于同一类药物,以前的小规模荟萃分析也表明,对新冠肺炎患者的严重程度或死亡率的影响不一致,例如在胰升糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)的情况下。因此,人们对它们在该病预后中的真正疗效知之甚少。

方法:系统检索PubMed、EMBASE、Scope us和Web of Science数据库,纳入发表至2021年11月30日的研究(除病例报告和综述文章外)。我们排除了有关院内使用抗糖尿病药物的文献。我们使用随机效应Meta分析来计算合并OR(95%CI),并进行敏感性分析以确认Meta分析的稳健性。

结果:我们包括61项研究(3,061,584人),这些研究被评为具有低偏见风险。OR(95%CI)提示二甲双胍[0.54(0.47~0.62),I2.86%]、胰升糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)[0.51(0.37~0.69),I2.85%]、钠-葡萄糖转运蛋白-2抑制剂(SGLT-2I)[0.60(0.40~0.88),I2.91%]等药物对COVID相关死亡有保护作用。二肽基肽酶-4抑制物(DPP-4I)[1.23(1.07-1.42),I282%]和胰岛素[1.70(1.33-2.19),I297%]使用者在住院期间死亡的可能性更大。磺脲类、噻唑烷二酮和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的死亡率为中性[分别为0.92(95%可信区间0.83~1.01,I2.44%)、0.90(95%可信区间0.71~1.14,I2.46%)和0.61(95%可信区间0.26~1.45,I2.77%)]。敏感性分析表明,我们的发现是稳健的。

图1 新冠肺炎合并2型糖尿病患者二甲双胍与死亡率关系的森林图。

图2 新冠肺炎合并2型糖尿病患者中GLP-1RA与死亡率关系的森林图。

图3 新冠肺炎合并2型糖尿病患者SGLT-2i与死亡率关系的森林图。

表1敏感性分析。

图4 新冠肺炎合并糖尿病患者每日二甲双胍用量与死亡率之间的剂量-反应荟萃分析。

结论:在新冠肺炎合并2型糖尿病患者中,二甲双胍、GLP-1RA和SGLT-2i与较低的死亡率相关。DPP-4I和胰岛素与死亡率增加有关。磺脲类、噻唑烷二酮类和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的死亡率为中性。在新冠肺炎大流行期间,这些发现可能会对临床医生的决策产生很大影响。

原文出处: Nguyen NN,  Ho DS,  Nguyen HS,et al.Preadmission use of antidiabetic medications and mortality among patients with COVID-19 having type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.Metabolism 2022 Mar 31

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encryptionId=935fe6718e3, topicName=糖尿病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a38f7243741, createdName=xue8604, createdTime=Sat Apr 23 01:49:49 CST 2022, time=2022-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577292, encodeId=168215e729241, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Apr 23 01:49:49 CST 2022, time=2022-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584136, encodeId=f311158413695, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f13e6767e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76767, encryptionId=1f13e6767e9, topicName=糖尿病药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5edb17003695, createdName=minhuang75_72521589, createdTime=Sat Apr 23 01:49:49 CST 2022, time=2022-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598169, encodeId=ab87159816980, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sat Apr 23 01:49:49 CST 2022, time=2022-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1616307, encodeId=843c161630e41, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b125560052' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗糖尿病药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55600, encryptionId=3b125560052, topicName=抗糖尿病药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b41d19737356, createdName=ms6980045490879608, createdTime=Sat Apr 23 01:49:49 CST 2022, time=2022-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-01-30 一闲
  4. 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encodeId=843c161630e41, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b125560052' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗糖尿病药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55600, encryptionId=3b125560052, topicName=抗糖尿病药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b41d19737356, createdName=ms6980045490879608, createdTime=Sat Apr 23 01:49:49 CST 2022, time=2022-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-25 ms6000000489647764

    赞👍

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888431, encodeId=a3ad18884314d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sat Jan 28 04:49:49 CST 2023, time=2023-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1770001, encodeId=e2031e7000129, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=51469830949' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#院前#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98309, encryptionId=51469830949, topicName=院前)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, 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  6. 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  7. 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  8. 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  9. 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encodeId=843c161630e41, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b125560052' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗糖尿病药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55600, encryptionId=3b125560052, topicName=抗糖尿病药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b41d19737356, createdName=ms6980045490879608, createdTime=Sat Apr 23 01:49:49 CST 2022, time=2022-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-23 闆锋旦
  10. 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