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GW-ICC2017︱张文娟:哪些超“时间窗STEMI患者能从PCI中获益?

2017-10-16 佚名 国际循环

近年来我国急性心肌梗死发病率逐年上升,ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者住院死亡率并无改善。在最佳时间窗内行再灌注治疗是挽救STEMI患者生命的最佳治疗策略,临床实践中很多STEMI患者因各种原因超出时间窗。在2017长城会上来自天津医科大学总医院的张文娟教授就哪些超时间窗STEMI患者能从PCI中获益作了专题解析,整理如下。

近年来我国急性心肌梗死发病率逐年上升,ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者住院死亡率并无改善。在最佳时间窗内行再灌注治疗是挽救STEMI患者生命的最佳治疗策略,临床实践中很多STEMI患者因各种原因超出时间窗。在2017长城会上来自天津医科大学总医院的张文娟教授就哪些超时间窗STEMI患者能从PCI中获益作了专题解析,整理如下。

我国STEMI流行及救治现状

中国急性心肌梗死发病率逐年上升,过去20年,中国冠心病死亡率增加了近1倍。虽然近年来我国在急性心肌梗死救治方面作了很多努力,但2001~2011年,我国STEMI住院死亡率并无改善。此外,更加不容乐观,据世界银行预测2030年中国急性心肌梗死患者数量将达2300万。

超时间窗STEMI患者不容忽视

在最佳时间窗内行再灌注治疗是挽救STEMI患者生命的最佳治疗策略,但临床实践中我国很多STEMI患者因各种原因超出时间窗。中国急性心肌梗死 注册(CAMI)研究显示,我国急性心肌梗死患者73.5%为STEMI ,其中接受急诊PCI治疗和溶栓治疗的比例分别为42.6%和10.3%,高达47.1%未行再灌注治疗。在行急诊再灌注治疗的STEMI中,入院至行急诊PCI时间(D2B)为165 min,入院至溶栓时间(D2N)为130 min。 满足指南D2B<90 min和D2N<30 min的患者比例仅为24.3%和19.6%。此外,研究发现,三个级别医院的患者存在明显差别:能在3h内到达省级医院及基层医院就诊的患者比例分别为17%和30%。这意味着,我国有很多超时间窗STEMI患者。

超时间窗STEMI患者PCI策略选择

超时间窗STEMI患者救治的获益,特别包括PCI的获益较最佳时间窗内患者,明显降低。但是,及时准确的诊断和适当的抢救措施仍能为这些患者带来一定获益。

目前,有关晚期PCI能否为病情稳定的超时间窗STEMI患者带来临床获益仍存在争议,相关研究结果并不一致。PL-ACS研究发现,与药物治疗相比,PCI能为发病12~24h内的未接受再灌注治疗的稳定STEMI患者带来再梗死、院内死亡、一级终点、30天内死亡、6个月死亡及12个月死亡方面的获益。欧洲多中心开放随机对照BRACE-2研究显示,PCI能减少发病12~48 h内未接受再灌注治疗稳定STEMI患者的心肌梗死面积,但对30天复合终点(全因死亡、心肌再梗死及卒中)风险无影响。John P.A. 等对2617例发病1~45天内未行再灌注治疗的稳定STEMI患者的荟萃分析显示,与药物保守治疗相比,晚期PCI并不能带来获益。总的来说,对于发病超过24 h以上的病情稳定超时间窗STEMI患者,PCI无临床获益,但对于发病12~24 h内者可能具有临床获益。

有关延迟PCI,2013年ACCF/AHA STEMI管理指南推荐,若患者有合适的解剖学结构并伴有心源性休克或急性重度心力衰竭、出院前无创缺血检查有中等或高风险结果或住院期间最小消耗仍有自发或引发心肌缺血,则应在梗死动脉解剖学显着狭窄处行PCI。此外,指南认为STEMI后患者动脉梗塞大于24 h的无症状患者,若血流动力学及电稳定且无严重缺血证据,不应行完全闭塞梗死动脉的延迟PCI。换句话说,超时间窗的STEMI患者若STEMI已24 h以上且病情稳定,急诊PCI介入治疗不能带来更多获益。

超时间窗STEMI患者的PCI策略,STREAM研究及CAPTIM研究均表明,与直接PCI相比,院前溶栓+入院后PCI策略表现出明确的非劣性和潜在的优越性;为不能在时间窗内实施PCI的STEMI患者尽早实施再灌注治疗提供了另一条出路和可能;改善远期预后的作用不劣于直接PCI,且溶栓距离胸痛发作时间越短预后改善越显着。SWEDES研究及Bonnefoy E研究表明,院前溶栓+补救PCI策略,改善预后的作用不逊于直接PCI,可使因溶栓失败而错过STEMI再灌注时间窗的患者获得更多临床获益。

溶栓后PCI策略方面,2017年ESC指南明确定义了首次医疗接触(FMC),将确诊STEMI的时间点定义为time 0并将其作为选择再灌注治疗策略的计时开始点;推荐若预计确诊STEMI到导丝通过病变时间>120 min,应立即溶栓,要求STEMI诊断到给予溶栓药物应用的最长延迟时间为10 min。此外,该指南积极推荐进行院前溶栓,而院前溶栓后PCI则无疑成为新热点。

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    2017-10-18 zhs3884
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    2017-10-18 chenwq12
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    2017-10-16 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了涨知识

    0

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