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Nature:科学家揭示病毒如何“接管”宿主细胞

2016-02-19 佚名 生物谷

近日,来自索尔克研究所和哈佛大学医学院的研究人员利用先进的成像技术揭示了一种特殊蛋白复合物的结构,这种蛋白复合物可以让类似于HIV的病毒在机体中建立持久性的感染,相关研究刊登于国际杂志Nature上。 与此前的假设相反,这种鉴别出的病毒蛋白复合物结构揭示了逆转录病毒中分子架构类型的不同,该研究揭示了逆转录病毒如何将自身的基因组信息插入到人类细胞中,对于治疗诸如HIV感染等疾病,以及改善基因疗法来

近日,来自索尔克研究所和哈佛大学医学院的研究人员利用先进的成像技术揭示了一种特殊蛋白复合物的结构,这种蛋白复合物可以让类似于HIV的病毒在机体中建立持久性的感染,相关研究刊登于国际杂志Nature上。

与此前的假设相反,这种鉴别出的病毒蛋白复合物结构揭示了逆转录病毒中分子架构类型的不同,该研究揭示了逆转录病毒如何将自身的基因组信息插入到人类细胞中,对于治疗诸如HIV感染等疾病,以及改善基因疗法来运输新型DNA到遗传突变的患者机体中提供了新的线索和帮助。研究者Dmitry Lyumkis教授说道,揭示逆转录病毒的整合机制远比我们此前认为的要复杂的多;逆转录病毒会将遗传信息插入到宿主的基因组中,从而将宿主细胞变为制造病毒的工厂,以HIV病毒为例,病毒基因可以整合到人类免疫细胞中,最终杀死细胞释放病毒颗粒,长期以来研究者们并不清楚病毒DNA会插入到人类基因组中的什么位点。

一种名为整合体的蛋白复合物就可以不可逆地将病毒的DNA插入到人类DNA中,这一步骤就是病毒致病的关键,目前研究者难以对HIV的整合体进行研究,很多和整合体相关的信息都是此前对原型泡沫病毒(PFV)的研究所得,为此本文研究中研究人员对小鼠乳房肿瘤病毒(MMTV)的整合体结构进行了研究,相比PFV而言MMTV和HIV关系更加密切一些。

为了确定MMTV的分子结构特性,研究小组采用了低温电镜技术(Cryo-Electron Microscopy)进行研究,相比传统成像技术而言该技术具有很多优势,比如研究者并不需要诱导蛋白质产生晶体来对其成像,利用这种新技术研究者就可以使得蛋白质直接在液体状态下被冷冻,随后通过测定在样品中电子束的偏离程度研究者就可以确定蛋白质的结构了。随后研究人员就利用低温电镜技术清楚揭示了结合在病毒DNA链上的MMTV的整合体的结构,研究者指出,PFV复合物由结合在两股病毒DNA链上的四种整合酶组成,而MMTV的组装则是由每两个病毒DNA部分的8个整合酶分子组成。

研究者Lyumkis说道,揭示关键的结构差异就意味着,当病毒将DNA插入到宿主DNA中时,复合物就会以一种完全不同的方式同宿主DNA结合,PFV更喜欢整合入高度弯曲的宿主基因组中,而MMTV则会选择直链的DNA进行整合,当然HIV喜欢哪种方式目前仍是个谜,但本文研究或为后期揭示HIV病毒整合宿主DNA的位点及方式提供新的思路。

目前研究人员希望通过更为深入的研究来理解在病毒整合期间,MMTV整合体复合物发生的一系列事件,即从病毒DNA结合到宿主DNA并且分析病毒DNA插入到宿主基因组中的整个过程,同时研究者Lyumkis还希望可以利用低温电镜技术来研究HIV整合体的分子复合物,从而获得更多的研究信息和数据。

原始出处:

Allison Ballandras-Colas, Monica Brown, Nicola J. Cook,etal.Cryo-EM reveals a novel octameric integrase structure for betaretroviral intasome functionNature.2016,530,358–361.doi:10.1038/nature16955

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    2016-12-02 liye789132251
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    2016-02-24 wei834766788

    ……

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    2016-02-21 wincls
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    2016-02-20 wei834766788

    看看

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    2016-02-20 wei834766788

    多学习

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