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JAMA Oncol:PD-L1表达可以预测免疫治疗疗效,PD-L1基因扩增呢?

2018-06-23 肿瘤资讯编辑部 肿瘤资讯

PD-L1表达是目前公认的免疫检查点抑制剂的疗效预测标志物,那么编码PD-L1蛋白的PD-L1基因扩增是否可以预测实体瘤接受免疫治疗的疗效,PD-L1基因扩增在实体瘤中的发生率是多少?近期发布在《JAMA Oncology》杂志的一项研究在大样本量的覆盖多个瘤种的患者队列中采用全面基因组测序,评估PD-L1基因扩增率,以及扩增患者接受免疫治疗的疗效。

PD-L1表达是目前公认的免疫检查点抑制剂的疗效预测标志物,那么编码PD-L1蛋白的PD-L1基因扩增是否可以预测实体瘤接受免疫治疗的疗效,PD-L1基因扩增在实体瘤中的发生率是多少?近期发布在《JAMA Oncology》杂志的一项研究在大样本量的覆盖多个瘤种的患者队列中采用全面基因组测序,评估PD-L1基因扩增率,以及扩增患者接受免疫治疗的疗效。

背景

免疫检查点抑制剂的应用引领了实体瘤和血液系统肿瘤治疗的变革。然而,免疫治疗仅在部分患者中有效,目前公认的免疫治疗疗效预测标志物包括:PD-L1表达,微卫星不稳定性(MSI)和肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)。难治性经典霍奇金淋巴瘤患者接受免疫治疗的有效率可以达到65-87%。结节硬化性霍奇金淋巴瘤伴有PD-L1(CD274),PD-L2和JAK2基因扩增,导致斯二氏细胞高表达PD-L1/2蛋白。既往研究显示,在108例新诊断的经典霍奇金淋巴瘤患者中,105例患者检测的PD-L1和PD-L2基因拷贝数增加,这主要归因于染色体9p24.1的扩增,拷贝数变化或染色体9p多倍体。此外,霍奇金淋巴瘤斯二氏细胞中JAK2蛋白的表达和活化,会进一步上调PD-L1基因的转录。在原发性纵隔大B细胞淋巴瘤和原发性中枢神经系统大B细胞淋巴瘤中,分别有63%和50%的患者检测的9p24.1的拷贝数变异,这些基因变异与PD-L1/2高表达相关。近期,一项研究报道显示,5例接受抗PD-1单抗治疗的难治性原发性中枢神经系统大B细胞淋巴瘤或睾丸大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,均取得了客观缓解,且60%的患者在治疗13-17个月后疾病仍未进展。综上可知,在一些淋巴瘤患者中,9p24.1的变异(包含PD-L1基因)非常常见,对抗PD-1单抗治疗非常敏感。

然而,在实体瘤中,PD-L1扩增的检测结果非常有限。目前,仅有一些小样本的研究报道了头颈部鳞癌,宫颈鳞癌,三阴性乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌中可检测的PD-L1扩增。与淋巴瘤患者中的研究数据相似,一些个案报道提示,PD-L1扩增,微卫星稳定的结直肠癌和转移性基底细胞癌患者对抗PD-1单抗治疗敏感,这些研究结果提示,需要进一步探索PD-L1扩增能否预测免疫治疗的疗效。本研究是最大样本量的研究,在118187例覆盖多种实体瘤的肿瘤组织标本中检测PD-L1基因拷贝数的变异,评估PD-L1基因扩增率。

方法

研究从FMI数据库中分析了118187例肿瘤标本,同时包括了2012-10-1至2017-10-1在加州大学圣地亚哥穆尔斯个体化癌症治疗中心(UCSD)接受治疗的2039例临床信息已知的患者。采用FMI开发的FoundationOne和FoundationOneHeme assay对患者进行全面基因组测序。评估肿瘤组织中4种不同的基因变异类型,包括碱基置换,小的插入/缺失,重排和拷贝数变化;短片段变异包括碱基碱基置换和小的插入/缺失。TMB定义为每检测的1.1Mbp个基因中,非驱动突变的体细胞编码碱基的置换和插入/缺失突变的总数。通过对优化同聚物位点进行主要组成性分析来评估MSI状态。PD-L1扩增定义为拷贝数>=6个。此外,一部分患者的肿瘤样本还采用DAKO22c3(肺)或Ventana SP142(肺和其他)抗体进行PD-L1的IHC检测和治疗浸润淋巴细胞(TILs)检测。

结果

PD-L1基因扩增率

在118187个进行全面基因组检测的标本中,843个(0.7%)检测到PD-L1基因拷贝数>=6个(见下表)。在100多种不同组织学类型的实体瘤中检测的PD-L1基因拷贝数变异,其中PD-L1扩增率最高的肿瘤为肝细胞和胆管细胞混合癌(10.5%的样本),其他相对较高的瘤种包括乳腺癌(1.9%),头颈部鳞癌(3.1%),肺鳞癌(1.7%),低分化的软组织肉瘤(3.9%),甲状腺未分化癌(5.1%),原发灶不明的鳞癌(2.0%),鼻咽癌(5.1%)和肾肉瘤样癌(6.1%)。PD-L1拷贝数变异发生率低的瘤种包括结直肠癌,胰腺癌,前列腺癌和黑色素瘤。


TMB和MSI

在FMI队列中,PD-L1扩增的肿瘤平均TMB为13.3mut/mb,中位TMB为6.3mut/mb;在PD-L1非扩增的肿瘤中,平均TMB和中位TMB分别为7.4mut/mb和3.6mut/mb。总体而言,128例(15.2%)PD-L1扩增的患者属于TMB高,7510例(6.4%)PD-L1非扩增的患者属于TMB高。大多数(84.8%)PD-L1扩增的患者TMB为低或中等。MSI-H和PD-L1扩增并不互相排斥,741例PD-L1扩增的患者进行了MSI状态检测,其中5例(0.7%)为MSI-H;103373例PD-L1非扩增的患者进行了MSI状态检测,其中1435例(1.4%)为MSI-H。在UCSD队列中(n=13),PD-L1扩增和非扩增的肿瘤,中位TMB分别为9和4mut/mb;9例(69.2%,9/13)患者TMB为中等或高,4例(30.8%)患者TMB为低。11例患者进行了MSI状态检测均为MSS型。

PD-L1扩增队列的临床特征

2039例进行全面基因组测序的患者中,13例患者检测到PD-L1拷贝数变异,所有13例患者均合并PD-L2共扩增,12例(92.3%)患者合并JAK2共扩增。这13例患者中,3例为局部晚期,10例为晚期患者;其中2例为血液系统肿瘤,11例为实体瘤。患者自诊断为局部晚期或晚期疾病后的中位存活时间为26.5个月,9例(69.2%)患者接受了抗PD-1/L1单抗治疗。

PD-L1扩增队列的基因组学特征,PD-L1表达和TILs

13例PD-L1基因拷贝数变异的患者中,共检测到70个基因143个变异,见下图1所示。这13例患者中,仅5例患者的5个标本可以进行TILs评估(4例为治疗间质TILs,1例B细胞淋巴瘤为瘤内TILs)。TILs在10%-60%之间波动。6例患者中,4例进行了PD-L1表达检测。此外,1例脑胶质瘤和另1例转移性基底细胞癌患者,PD-L1表达阴性,但均对免疫检查点抑制剂治疗有响应。


图1. 基因变异谱

PD-L和PD-L2基因的其他变异

118187例肿瘤组织样本中,11例(0.001%)检测的PD-L1 exon7的截短突变。UCSD队列中,2例患者检测的PD-L1和PD-L2基因的其他变异。其中1例患者为转移性头颈鳞癌,合并PD-L1基因exon7的截短突变,这一变异破坏了PD-L1基因3’的非转录区,患者接受durvalumab治疗取得了PR。另1例患者为转移性胆管细胞癌,合并PKD1P1-PDCD1LG2基因重排,这一基因变异形式在其余118186例肿瘤标本中未检测到。

免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的疗效

13例PD-L1基因扩增的患者中,9例(69.2%,均为实体瘤)接受了免疫治疗。患者既往接受了中位4线治疗,其中5例患者接受了抗PD-1/L1单抗单药治疗,3例接受了抗PD-1/L1单抗联合其他研究药物,1例接受了抗PD-1/L1单抗+抗CTLA-4单抗治疗。客观缓解率为66.7%,中位PFS为15.2个月(范围:0.6~>=24.1个月),中位OS尚未达到,见下图2。治疗有响应的患者分别包括:1例脑胶质瘤(PFS>=5.2个月),2例头颈鳞癌(PFS>=9个月和15.2个月),2例转移性基底细胞癌(PFS 3.8和>=24.1个月),1例泌尿系统肿瘤(PFS>=17.8个月)。



图2. 患者接受免疫治疗的疗效

结论和讨论

本研究在大样本量的覆盖不同瘤种的患者中检测了PD-L1基因拷贝数的变化,变异率为0.7%,发生率较低,但覆盖多种不同的实体瘤,包括罕见肿瘤,如膀胱鳞癌,未分化的软组织肉瘤,肉瘤样肾细胞癌。此外,研究发现PD-L1基因拷贝数的辩护与免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的疗效相关。在PD-L1扩增的肿瘤中,免疫治疗的有效率为66.7%(6/9),高于UCSD接受免疫治疗的患者(总体有效率为29.8%,P=0.03)。然而本研究中,PD-L1扩增的患者中接受免疫治疗的人数较少,对于这类患者接受免疫治疗的疗效还很难定论,后续需要进行前瞻性的研究来进一步确认PD-L1扩增的疗效预测作用,从而决定是否应该常规进行PD-L1基因扩增检测。

原始出处:Goodman AM, Piccioni D, Kato S, et al. Prevalence of PDL1 Amplification and Preliminary Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Solid Tumors. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Jun 14. 

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  3. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Sat Jun 23 06:18:48 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-15 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

  4. 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    2018-06-24 smartjoy
  5. 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    2018-06-24 12225669m29暂无昵称

    学习

    0

  6. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Sat Jun 23 06:18:48 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-23 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

  7. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Sat Jun 23 06:18:48 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-23 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

  8. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Sat Jun 23 06:18:48 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-23 wzb521zf

    一起学习学习学习

    0

  9. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/TDiaAWyicHgedzX3wKo3qcxudVJib7AfibfvNeufHRF2jG3Bw8MmZyWjIhtBV1mpJI7Sy9n7RcBKK5t3CuOKuOFxkg/0, createdBy=dd702206933, createdName=wzb521zf, createdTime=Sat Jun 23 06:52:30 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=326277, encodeId=bc613262e72c, content=优质资源.共同学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K0LqDY57Aia0TOQByoJhNt3icm4sfukp500hLH6RHOpFdV01NbECtAV7s0qKpQPibyRukQAwAmqJU3X/0, createdBy=f91f1928792, createdName=九九消寒, createdTime=Sat Jun 23 06:48:46 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=326262, encodeId=28ce3262620b, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, 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    2018-06-23 九九消寒

    优质资源.共同学习

    0

  10. 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    2018-06-23 yjs木玉

    学习学习学习

    0

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