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elife:干细胞技术为骨愈合带来了好消息

2019-05-29 佚名 生物通

骨头是怎么愈合的,怎么能愈合得更好?根据最近发表在eLife杂志上,来自南加州大学(USC)的干细胞研究,这些问题的答案可能在于新发现的“信使”细胞群。

骨头是怎么愈合的,怎么能愈合得更好?根据最近发表在eLife杂志上,来自南加州大学(USC)的干细胞研究,这些问题的答案可能在于新发现的“信使”细胞群。



“在美国,每年有近50万患者的骨修复失败,刺激这些‘信使’和其他关键细胞类型可以加速修复并防止不结合,”该文章的通讯作者,南加州大学凯克医学院干细胞生物学和再生医学以及综合解剖学副教授Francesca Mariani说。

在他们的研究中,第一作者Stephanie T. Kuwahara和她的同事们观察了哺乳动物的肋骨,它们能很好地再生。事实上,矫形外科医师已经注意到,长度长达8英寸的肋骨缺失,患者可以很容易的长回来。

通过观察小鼠的类似肋骨手术,科学家们提出了一个哺乳动物如何修复大骨损伤的模型,并确定了愈合过程所必需的关键细胞类型。

其中一个关键的细胞类型是一个小群体的“信使”细胞,研究人员通过一个被称为Sox9的基因活性来识别该细胞。这些信使细胞位于包围着每根肋骨的骨膜的组织鞘中。损伤后,一种叫做“Hedgehog”的蛋白质会激活信使细胞,从而使邻近的细胞分化成软骨和骨骼的混合物。这些混合细胞形成“修复性愈伤组织”,并转化为新生骨。

“未来对信使细胞如何促进愈伤组织形成的研究可能会获得更好的策略来促进身体其他部位的骨修复,这些部位的愈合往往不如肋骨有效,”Mariani说。

科学家们还注意到,尽管混合骨-软骨细胞在再生受损的肋骨中起着关键作用,但在胚胎发育期间肋骨最初形成时,它们却出人意料地并不存在。这使许多生物学教科书中的结论受到质疑:再生是对发育的概括。相反,再生和修复可能是它们自己独特的过程,涉及独特的细胞类型和遗传程序。

原始出处:Kuwahara ST, Serowoky MA, Vakhshori V, et al. Sox9+ messenger cells orchestrate large-scale skeletal regeneration in the mammalian rib.. Elife. 2019 Apr 15;8. Elife. 2019 Apr 15;8. 

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    2019-08-25 膀胱癌
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    2019-11-21 clmlylxy
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    2019-05-30 深海的鱼

    学习学习学习

    0

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    2019-05-29 184****9840

    医学的进步会给人类带来实实在在的好处。

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