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色素痣有哪些分类?如何治疗?

2022-04-18 皮肤科刘医生 网络

色素痣又称黑素细胞痣,为人类最常见的良性皮肤肿瘤。出生时即可存在,但常于2岁后开始出现。色素痣可呈斑疹、丘疹、乳头瘤状、疣状、结节或有蒂损害等表现。可发生于任何部位。其大小由几毫米到几厘米,甚至面积很

色素痣又称黑素细胞痣,为人类最常见的良性皮肤肿瘤。出生时即可存在,但常于2岁后开始出现。色素痣可呈斑疹、丘疹、乳头瘤状、疣状、结节或有蒂损害等表现。可发生于任何部位。其大小由几毫米到几厘米,甚至面积很大。其颜色通常为黄褐或黑色,但也呈蓝色、紫色或无色素沉着。· 01 ·

为什么会有痣

我们皮肤的颜色来自于表皮层中的黑色素细胞。正常的情况下,这些细胞会均匀分布在表皮中,利用自身合成的黑色素吸收阻挡紫外线,以防其对真皮层造成损害。但在一些特殊因素作用下,黑色素细胞局部集中在一起、并且大量合成黑色素,就成了痣细胞,集聚在一起的痣细胞称为细胞巢。为了营养这些集聚在一起的小家伙,血管、淋巴管这些配套设施也要随之增生,肉眼看上去表现出或平坦或凸起的色素痣。

色素痣的分类

依据痣细胞巢的分布位置,可将色素痣分为以下几类:

1.交界痣 

交界痣细胞巢位于表皮下部或向下突入真皮。直径从几毫米到几厘米,深浅不同的褐色斑。一般平滑无毛,也可稍高起。可发生于身体任何部位。掌跖及生殖器部位的色素痣多属此类。

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图片

2.混合痣
混合痣细胞巢位于表皮内和真皮内。外观类似交界痣,但可能更高起。
 

图片

图片

3.皮内痣 

皮内痣细胞巢位于真皮内。最常见于头颈部,不发生于掌跖或生殖器。直径从几毫米到几厘米,呈深浅不同的褐色。表面可有毛发,较正常为粗。多呈半球形隆起,但也有呈乳头瘤样或有蒂损害。

图片图片 03 ·

色素痣要怎么治疗?

痣的治疗要根据具体大小、色素深浅、细胞巢深度等众多因素综合参考,一般来说主要由以下几个大类:

1.手术切除

方法:外科手术切除痣及周围的病变组织。

优点:可选择部分或全部切除病变组织,并可依痣的性质不同而进行不同的处理方法。

缺点:需专业医务人员操作,难度大,所花时间较多。

适应症:直径超过0.5厘米的;经非手术治疗无效者或非手术治疗后残留的;发生在掌跖、腰周、腋窝、腹股沟等易摩擦部位的交界痣、混合痣;临床诊断可能恶变的色素痣。

2.激光祛痣

方法:利用激光在极短时间里气化清除色素痣细胞。

优点:治疗深度及治疗范围精确可控,避免了周围正常组织热损伤,且不易留疤、不易感染

缺点:需专业医务人员操作。

适应症:除外临床诊断可能恶变的色素痣,对各种色素痣治疗效果明显。色素痣在大型医疗机构常规治疗方法。

3.化学腐蚀

方法:一般以浓度为50%的三氮碳酸溶液,或氢氧化钠等碱性药剂涂抹在痣上。

优点:三氮碳酸溶液不易烧伤肌肤;碱性溶液则腐蚀强,可能很快见效。

缺点:三氮碳酸溶液见效较慢,需要治疗多次;氢氧化钠不易控制腐蚀深度,易留下深陷的疤痕。

适应症:颜色较淡、部位较浅的痣。正规医疗机构不会采用。

4.冷冻法

方法:以液氮冷冻,使色素痣组织极速冷冻,自行脱落。

优点:操作容易掌握,且不易造成明显的疤痕。

缺点:大而厚的痣要多次冷冻才能去掉,且必须有特殊仪器配备,医生的技术也显得非常重要。由于深度控制不易,常造成周围组织伤害。

适应症:直径0.3-0.5厘米的较平的痣。正规医疗机构现很少采用。

5.电灼法

方法:应用电热高温灼烧的原理,使痣由于烧灼、炭化而去除。

优点:容易操作。

缺点:难以控制灼烧程度,易留下疤痕。

适应症:直径0.3-0.5厘米的痣有效。正规医疗机构现很少采用。· 04 ·

哪些色素痣容易恶变?

1.年纪较大时发生新的色素损害。

2.色素痣变黑不是恶变的绝对指征,在性成熟及妊娠时,色素痣可变黑,并有增大的趋势。但任何单个痣比其他痣变黑或变大时,则应怀疑。

3.色素痣反复发生感染或易受外伤。

4.自然出血、溃疡、周围发生卫星状损害、附近淋巴结增大等是色素痣真正恶变的征象。

5.先天性痣细胞痣有发生黑素瘤的可能。

 

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激光祛痣术后注意事项

激光术后暂时会留有凹陷性小坑,点了几颗痣就有几个凹坑,面积比痣略大。凹坑几天后会结痂,痂皮一般要一至两周左右脱落。痂皮脱落前,创面不要碰水。这期间不要喝酒吃辛辣刺激食物。每天外擦消毒药水,待药水略干后,修复药膏薄薄的擦一层,每日两次,掉痂后停用。

痂皮让其自然脱落,不要人为撕掉。掉痂后点痣部位的凹坑和颜色恢复要三至六个月以上。如果痣或肿物比较深的话,可能会留有小凹坑,但时间久了颜色和正常皮肤颜色一致。痣点后存在复发可能,若有复发45天后可以复点,基本能修干净。掉痂后可以正常洗脸护肤,但局部的皮肤三个月内不要使用带有剥脱角质层的产品。

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    2022-07-21 sunylz
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    2022-06-08 ms6000002138303137

    真棒,学到了

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    2022-05-02 151263872

    学习了解了色素痣的类型、诊断及治疗。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680800, encodeId=7efa1680800a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Jul 21 01:06:45 CST 2022, time=2022-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1225258, encodeId=7745122525871, content=真棒,学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=69eb5466859, createdName=ms6000002138303137, createdTime=Wed Jun 08 19:55:40 CST 2022, time=2022-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1216328, encodeId=3d2b12163287c, content=学习了解了色素痣的类型、诊断及治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=19a52601958, createdName=151263872, createdTime=Mon May 02 15:24:54 CST 2022, time=2022-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1487647, encodeId=9a86148e647fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ae23e118228' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71182, encryptionId=ae23e118228, topicName=痣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21678344192, createdName=yese, createdTime=Wed Apr 20 05:06:45 CST 2022, time=2022-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1212276, encodeId=ea5412122e6a7, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=22d98122846, createdName=ms9000001448599780, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 20:19:15 CST 2022, time=2022-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-20 yese
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680800, encodeId=7efa1680800a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Jul 21 01:06:45 CST 2022, time=2022-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1225258, encodeId=7745122525871, content=真棒,学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=69eb5466859, createdName=ms6000002138303137, createdTime=Wed Jun 08 19:55:40 CST 2022, time=2022-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1216328, encodeId=3d2b12163287c, content=学习了解了色素痣的类型、诊断及治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=19a52601958, createdName=151263872, createdTime=Mon May 02 15:24:54 CST 2022, time=2022-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1487647, encodeId=9a86148e647fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ae23e118228' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71182, encryptionId=ae23e118228, topicName=痣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21678344192, createdName=yese, createdTime=Wed Apr 20 05:06:45 CST 2022, time=2022-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1212276, encodeId=ea5412122e6a7, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=22d98122846, createdName=ms9000001448599780, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 20:19:15 CST 2022, time=2022-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-18 ms9000001448599780

    学习了

    0

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CLL 患者的寿命会更长,而第二种恶性肿瘤对其生存的影响也变得越来越重要。研究团队发现发生黑色素瘤的 CLL 患者的 MSS、RFS 和潜在的免疫治疗不耐受性较差。

JAMA Dermatol:全球2020年皮肤黑色素瘤的发病率和死亡率

黑色素瘤仍是全球癌症控制和公共卫生的一个重要挑战

Eur J Cancer:MEK抑制剂治疗NRAS突变型转移性黑色素瘤的真实临床疗效

MEK抑制剂治疗NRAS突变型转移性黑色素瘤的真实临床疗效可期。

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