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Alzheimer's & Dementia:一种超灵敏的免疫测定法预测阿尔兹海默症

2021-09-25 haibei MedSci原创

尽管有越来越多的证据表明可溶性oAβ在早期AD发病机制中起着核心作用,但利用一种敏感和特异的方法来检测和量化人类血浆中的oAβ仍有很大的挑战。

在过去的20年里,人们认识到淀粉样β(Aβ)蛋白的可溶性低聚物可引起突触和神经元损伤以及小胶质增生。阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者大脑中的可溶性Aβ水平与突触变化和认知障碍相关,这激发了人们对水溶性Aβ低聚物状态(oAβ)的广泛研究。

越来越多的证据表明,oAβ(1)主要在电活跃的神经元中引起突触传递的缺陷,(2)可以在小鼠海马降低长期电势并诱发长期抑郁,(3)当大脑oAβ水平与淀粉样斑块水平进行比对时,可以区分老年痴呆和非老年痴呆的人群。这些和其他许多研究共同表明,可扩散的oAβ组合与AD患者的神经病理和临床表型密切相关,甚至可能诱发AD患者的神经病理和临床表型。

Aβ在各种单体、低聚物和高度有序的丝状物之间存在着动态平衡,而这些都具有不同的突触毒性特性。各种尺寸的Aβ低聚物/聚合物之间的复杂平衡,对分离和研究自然发生的oAβ物种构成了固有的挑战。许多针对oAβ的抗体已经被开发出来;然而,对脑脊液(CSF),特别是血浆中天然存在的oAβ进行定量的技术挑战仍然存在。

此前,研究人员报道了一种敏感的夹心免疫测定法,使用构象特异性抗体(1C22)进行捕获,并使用N端抗体(3D6)作为检测器,对人类CSF中低水平的oAβ进行定量检测。在一项后续研究中,研究人员又报道了治疗性抗体(crenezumab [Roche])成功地在人体中对Aβ寡聚体进行靶向作用的证据,这表明CSF中oAβ的定量可能成为AD临床试验中抗淀粉样蛋白方法的有用的药效学读数。

尽管有越来越多的证据表明可溶性oAβ在早期AD发病机制中起着核心作用,但利用一种敏感和特异的方法来检测和量化人类血浆中的oAβ仍有很大的挑战。

开发针对淀粉样β低聚物的特异性71A1/3D6免疫测定法

最近,研究人员开发了一种超灵敏的oAβ免疫测定法,其使用一种新的捕获抗体(71A1)和N端抗体3D6进行检测,可以特异性地定量检测人脑、脑脊液(CSF)和血浆中的可溶性oAβ

实验数据显示,两种新的抗体(71A1;1G5)具有oAβ选择性,可标记非固定AD脑切片中的Aβ斑块,并能有效中和AD脑源性oAβ的突触毒性。71A1/3D6检测方法在CSF和血浆中显示出良好的稀释线性,没有基质效应,有良好的尖峰回收率和特异性的免疫去除。

因此,研究人员创造了一种敏感的、高通量的、高性价比的方法来量化人血浆中的突触毒性oAβ,有希望用于高通量分析老年和AD受试者,以评估这一关键致病物种的动态和对治疗的反应。

 

原始出处:

Lei Liu et al. An ultra-sensitive immunoassay detects and quantifies soluble Aβ oligomers in human plasma. Alzheimer's & Dementia (2021). 

 

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    2021-09-28 丁鹏鹏
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    2021-09-26 老龙一点

    点赞👍

    0

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    2021-09-26 531897034

    好!!!

    0

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