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NEJM:PCI合并房颤的抗栓治疗(颈动脉支架合并房颤呢?)

2017-11-01 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

房颤患者进行PCI时选择最佳抗栓方案面临挑战,需要平衡血栓和出血风险。对于房颤,口服抗凝剂能够有效预防卒中和全身栓塞;对于PCI置入支架时,双联抗血小板治疗(P2Y12抑制剂联合阿司匹林)能够预防心血管事件,包括支架内血栓形成。目前,大部分指南都推荐三联治疗,包括抗凝和双联抗血小板治疗。不过,研究显示这些方案增加严重出血风险,因此应该积极寻找新的治疗策略。


房颤患者进行PCI时选择最佳抗栓方案面临挑战,需要平衡血栓和出血风险。对于房颤,口服抗凝剂能够有效预防卒中和全身栓塞;对于PCI置入支架时,双联抗血小板治疗(P2Y12抑制剂联合阿司匹林)能够预防血管事件,包括支架内血栓形成。目前,大部分指南都推荐三联治疗,包括抗凝和双联抗血小板治疗。不过,研究显示这些方案增加严重出血风险,因此应该积极寻找新的治疗策略。

为了降低三联抗栓治疗的风险,有人提出了两项新方案。第一个方案,采用口服非维生素K拮抗剂作为抗凝剂,首选口服直接凝血酶抑制剂达比加群。以前的研究显示两个不同剂量达比加群都能有效预防房颤患者发生卒中,包括同时服用单联或双联抗血小板药物者。第二个方案是从标准的三联抗栓方案中剔除阿司匹林,也就是P2Y12抑制剂联合口服抗凝剂。2013年WOEST试验验证了这个方案,发现与三联抗栓方案相比,双联抗栓方案出血风险和血管事件更低。2105年ISAR-TRIPLE试验支持短期三联抗栓治疗。2016年PIONEER AF-PCI试验显示低剂量利伐沙班(15mg每天一次)联合P2Y12抑制剂出血风险低于标准三联抗栓方案。

2017年10月来自波士顿Baim临床研究所的Christopher P. Cannon等在NEJM上公布了RE-DUAL PCI试验结果,目的在于探讨达比加群联合P2Y12抑制剂 vs 三联标准治疗方案(华法林,P2Y12抑制剂和阿司匹林)安全性和有效性。

RE-DUAL PCI为国际多中心随机对照试验,共纳入2725例PCI手术的房颤患者,随机给予三联抗栓治疗包括华法林加P2Y12抑制剂(氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛)加阿司匹林(1-3个月)(三联治疗组)或双联抗栓治疗包括达比加群(110mg或150mg,每天2次)加P2Y12抑制剂(氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛)(双联治疗组)。主要终点为严重或临床相关非严重出血事件(平均随访14个月)。该试验还验乞双联治疗方案不次于三联治疗方案,终点评价方法为复合有效性终点,包括血栓栓塞事件(心梗、卒中或全身栓塞)、死亡或无计划血运重建。

110mg双联治疗方案组和三联治疗方案组主要终点发生率分别为15.4%和26.9%(HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.63; P<0.001 for noninferiority; P<0.001 for superiority),150mg双联治疗方案组和相对于三联治疗方案组(未包括美国以外的老年患者)主要终点发生率分别为20.2%和25.7%(HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.88; P<0.001 for noninferiority)。110/150mg双联治疗方案组和三联治疗方案组复合有效性终点发生率分别为13.7%和13.4%(HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.29; P = 0.005 for noninferiority)。组间严重不良事件发生率无显著性差异。

最终作者认为对于进行PCI的房颤患者,达比加群联合P2Y12抑制剂双联抗栓治疗方案的出血风险低于三联标准抗栓方案。就血栓栓塞事件风险而言,双联治疗不次于三联治疗。

译者注:颈动脉支架合并房颤的患者如何抗栓?

1.达比加群(110mg每天2次)联合氯吡格雷

2.小剂量利伐沙班(15mg每天)联合氯吡格雷

3.阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷

你选哪一个?

原始出处:

Cannon CP, Bhatt DL, Oldgren J,et al.Dual Antithrombotic Therapy with Dabigatran after PCI in Atrial Fibrillation.N Engl J Med. 2017 Oct 19;377(16):1513-1524. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1708454. Epub 2017 Aug 27.

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    2017-11-01 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

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