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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol:伊马替尼治疗新发1型糖尿病患者的疗效

2021-10-17 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

1型糖尿病是由自身免疫介导的β细胞破坏所致。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂伊马替尼可能会影响相关的免疫和代谢途径,临床前研究表明它可以逆转和预防糖尿病。

背景:1型糖尿病是由自身免疫介导的β细胞破坏所致。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂伊马替尼可能会影响相关的免疫和代谢途径,临床前研究表明它可以逆转和预防糖尿病。我们的目的是评估伊马替尼在保护新发1型糖尿病患者β细胞功能方面的安全性和有效性。

方法我们进行了一项多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的2期试验。从美国(n=8)和澳大利亚(n=1)的9个医学中心登记了新发的1型糖尿病(确诊后小于100天)患者,年龄18~45岁,至少有一种糖尿病相关自身抗体阳性,混合餐耐量试验(MMTT)刺激C肽峰值大于0.2nmol·L~(-1)。参与者被随机分配(2:1),接受400毫克甲磺酸伊马替尼(每天4×100毫克薄膜包衣片)或匹配的安慰剂,通过计算机生成的按中心分层的随机分组方案,持续26周。除了每个临床地点的药剂师外,所有参与者和研究人员的治疗任务都是隐蔽的。主要终点是12个月时伊马替尼组和安慰剂组MMTT前2小时C肽反应的曲线下面积(AUC)平均值的差异,使用ANCOVA模型对性别、基线年龄和基线C肽进行调整,并进一步观察长达24个月。主要分析的是意向治疗(ITT)。对所有随机分配的参与者进行安全性评估。

研究结果:在2014年2月12日至2016年5月19日期间对患者进行了筛查和登记。45名患者被分配接受伊马替尼治疗,22名患者接受安慰剂治疗。停药后,伊马替尼组的43名参与者和安慰剂组的21名参与者在12个月时被纳入主要的ITT分析。这项研究达到了它的主要终点:伊马替尼与安慰剂治疗12个月时2-h C肽AUC的调整后平均差值为0.095(90%CI-0.003至0.191;p=0.048,单尾检验)。这种影响没有持续到24个月。在24个月的随访中,接受伊马替尼治疗的45名参与者中有32名(71%)出现了2级或更严重的不良事件,相比之下,接受安慰剂治疗的22名参与者中有13名(59%)出现了2级或更严重的不良事件。两组之间最常见的不良事件(2级或更严重)是胃肠问题(伊马替尼组有6条(13%)颗粒裤,主要是恶心,安慰剂组没有)和额外的实验室调查(伊马替尼组有10[22%]参与者,安慰剂组有2[9%]参与者)。根据试验方案,伊马替尼组的17名参与者(38%)因不良事件需要暂时修改药物剂量,6名参与者(13%)因不良事件永久停止使用伊马替尼;安慰剂组的5名参与者(23%)临时修改剂量,没有人因不良事件而永久停止用药。

图1 c肽AUC表示对MMTT的反应;4h混合餐耐量试验获得顺应性为90%的2-h C肽AUC均值。值表示每个时间点具有可用数据的ITT总体。在变换ln(C肽+1)下,标度是非线性的。AUC=曲线下面积。

图2 胰岛素使用和HbA1c水平;N是具有可用数据的患者数量。(A)平均每公斤体重和95%顺式的外源性胰岛素使用量;变换后的非线性标尺(胰岛素使用量+0.25)。(B)平均糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平和95%顺式;变换下的非线性标度ln(HbA1c)。HbA1c=糖化血红蛋白。

图3 MMTT反应;MMTTS后2h血糖(A)和2h血清胰岛素分泌AUC(B)。数据是平均值和95%的配置项(以log10为标度)。MMTT=混合餐耐受试验。AUC=曲线下面积。

图4 β-细胞葡萄糖敏感性;A)系列MMTT期间胰岛素分泌率与血糖浓度的剂量-反应曲线。扫描电镜下的数据均为平均值。剂量反应的平均斜率为β-细胞葡萄糖敏感性。B)β-细胞葡萄糖敏感性在log10值范围内表现为敏感性随时间的变化。数据是具有95%CI的平均值。N是具有可用数据的患者数量。

图5 伊马替尼对β细胞功能和新陈代谢额外影响的评估。

表 严重程度为2级或更严重的不良事件

结论:26周疗程的伊马替尼在新发1型糖尿病成人患者12个月时保存了β细胞功能。伊马替尼可能提供一种改变1型糖尿病病程的新方法。未来的考虑是确定理想的治疗剂量和用药时间,儿童的安全性和有效性,与免费药物的联合使用,以及伊马替尼在高危人群中延缓或防止进展为糖尿病的能力。然而,需要认真监测可能产生的毒性。

原文出处:

Gitelman SE,  Bundy BN,  Ferrannini E,et al.Imatinib therapy for patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021 Aug;9(8)

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    2022-08-01 howi
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