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AAN 2014:视神经脊髓炎临床研究进展

2014-05-07 复旦大学附属华山医院神经科 陈向军 赵重波 医学论坛网

在诊断方面,国际视神经脊髓炎(NMO)诊断小组(IPND)对2006年NMO的Wingerchuk诊断标准进行修订,Wingerchuk教授对此进行解读,建议将NMO和视神经脊髓炎谱系病(NMOSD)合并成NMOSD一种疾病,并分为AQP4抗体阳性与阴性两种情况。AQP4-IgG阳性的NMOSD诊断标准:(1)至少1项核心临床表现(视神经炎、急性脊髓炎、第四脑室底部综合征、其他脑干综合征、有MRI

在诊断方面,国际视神经脊髓炎(NMO)诊断小组(IPND)对2006年NMO的Wingerchuk诊断标准进行修订,Wingerchuk教授对此进行解读,建议将NMO和视神经脊髓炎谱系病(NMOSD)合并成NMOSD一种疾病,并分为AQP4抗体阳性与阴性两种情况。


AQP4-IgG阳性的NMOSD诊断标准:

(1)至少1项核心临床表现(视神经炎、急性脊髓炎、第四脑室底部综合征、其他脑干综合征、有MRI病灶的嗜睡症或急性间脑综合征、有MRI病灶的大脑综合征);
(2)血清AQP4抗体阳性;
(3)无其他更好的解释。

AQP4抗体阴性(或无法做该抗体检测)的NMOSD诊断标准:

(1)至少符合2项以下核心临床表现:①视神经炎、急性脊髓炎或第四脑室底部综合征三者之一;②支持空间多发的临床证据;③MRI的表现;
(2)血清AQP4抗体阴性或无法做该抗体检测;
(3)无其他更好的解释。该修订标准也对儿童NMOSD的诊断、AQP4-IgG抗体检测、单相性NMOSD与视神经脊髓型MS进行意见统一。

NMO与MS均可累及视神经,Mealy等通过分析26例NMO与26例MS患者急性视神经炎的MRI表现后,发现两者存在差别,与MS相比,NMO患者视神经病变更靠后,受累节段更长和更广泛。

Fryer等对检测AQP4抗体的四种实验室方法进行比较,发现细胞结合检测技术,尤其是M1-FACS具有较好的特异性与应用价值。

部分抗体阴性的NMO患者血清中可检测到抗髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)抗体,Sato等比较了MOG抗体阳性与抗体阴性的NMOSD患者的临床特点与预后,发现MOG抗体阳性者的临床表现与AQP4抗体阳性者有所不同,且神经功能恢复更好。对AQP4抗体阴性的NMO患者来讲,MOG抗体是否阳性有助于判断疾病预后。

在治疗方面,Baharnoori等对血浆置换治疗NMO的短期与长期疗效进行研究,发现血浆置换对急性激素无效的NMO具有中等程度的疗效。

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    2015-03-23 gj0740
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    2014-05-09 bluefate123
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