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盘点:2016“神经内分泌肿瘤”亮点研究汇总

2016-10-25 Mechront MedSci原创

神经内分泌肿瘤是起源于神经内分泌细胞的肿瘤。神经内分泌细胞是机体内具有神经内分泌表型,可以产生多种激素的一大类细胞。 【1】无症状、零星发生、小无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤,积极监测即可 系统检索PubMed、EMBASE和Cochrane图书馆中比较无症状、零星的小 NF-PNENs治疗方式(主动监测相比手术管理)的研究。 筛选3915个记录后,纳入五个回顾性研究、共入选54

神经内分泌肿瘤是起源于神经内分泌细胞的肿瘤。神经内分泌细胞是机体内具有神经内分泌表型,可以产生多种激素的一大类细胞。

【1】无症状、零星发生、小无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤,积极监测即可

系统检索PubMed、EMBASE和Cochrane图书馆中比较无症状、零星的小 NF-PNENs治疗方式(主动监测相比手术管理)的研究。

筛选3915个记录后,纳入五个回顾性研究、共入选540例患者。其中,327例(60.6%)接受了积极的监测,213例(39.4%)进行了手术。在肿瘤直径阈值作为纳入标准时有很大的差异(2 厘米到任何尺寸)。平均随访时间为28~45个月。0-51.0%的患者观察到可测量的肿瘤生长。总体而言,46例(14.1%)在最初的保守治疗后,接受了胰腺切除术。大多数患者的手术原因是肿瘤大小的增加(19/46)。任何研究中都没有发现主动监测组的疾病相关死亡发生。

这项系统综述表明,治疗零星的、小的、无症状的NF-PNENs患者,积极监测可能是手术治疗的很好的替代方式。(文章详见——Br J Surg:无症状、零星发生、小无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤,积极监测即可

【2】Alisertib治疗前列腺神经内分泌肿瘤


研究者对60例临床或病理定义的神经内分泌前列腺癌患者(平均年龄67岁;范围,45-87)进行了分析,调查Alisertib的有效性和安全性,所有患者还具有以下特征之一:免疫组化法显示神经内分泌标记物超过50%;新肝转移无PSA进展;五倍以上的血清嗜铬粒素或两倍以上的血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶。

研究对象接受每日两次50毫克Alisertib,第1到7天,每21天为一个周期。六个月的影像学PFS作为主要终点。研究人员定义6个月PFS率≤15%为不可接受的;6个月PFS率>30%则值得探索。

患者的中位PSA为1.07 ng/mL(范围,0.01-514.2),纳入研究之前经历了中位数3次治疗,32%的患者接受过多西他赛、58%的患者接受过铂类治疗,35%的患者接受过恩杂鲁胺(Xtandi; Astellas, Medivation)或醋酸阿比特龙(Zytiga, Janssen)治疗。

超过一半(54%)的患者有格里森8级至10级疾病。最常见的转移部位是骨(78%)、淋巴结(75%)、肝(61%)和肺(37%)。

57例患者停止治疗。大多数(N =49;86%)是因为疾病进展。6例(10%)是因为不良事件而停止治疗,1名是患者要求停止治疗,1名是与医疗无关的原因停止治疗。

中位PFS为8.7周(范围,8-10.4),总体六个月的PFS率为12.6%,临床或病理定义的神经内分泌前列腺癌患者其六个月的PFS率为15.2%。

中位OS为9.5个月(95% CI,7.3-13)。研究人员报告说,神经内分泌前列腺癌患者和腺癌患者之间的无显著性差异。

23例(38%)患者经历了3级或4级毒性,最常见的是中性粒细胞减少症(13%)、胃肠道副作用(8%)、疲劳(8%)、发热性中性粒细胞减少(6.6%)、贫血(6.6%)和胆红素升高(6.6%)。

17例在治疗3周期进行扫描的结果显示病情稳定、部分缓解或完全缓解,中位PFS为20周(范围,17-121),6个月PFS率为35.8%(95% CI,18.1-70.9)。

两例患者达到了特殊缓解,包括完全解决肝转移瘤;在完成39个月随访后,三分之一的患者病情稳定。(文章详见——ESMO 2016:Alisertib治疗神经内分泌前列腺癌

【3】依维莫司治疗晚期胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤


研究纳入了晚期、进展性、低或中度胰腺NET患者,随机分为接受依维莫司10毫克/天(n = 207)或安慰剂(n = 203)治疗。出现疾病进展后,允许安慰剂患者交叉到依维莫司组。

共纳入了410例患者进行研究,225例患者接受开放标签的依维莫司治疗,其中172例(85%)患者在最初是被分到了安慰剂组。

依维莫司组和安慰剂组患者的中位OS分别为44个月(95% CI, 35.6 to 51.8)和37.7个月(95% CI, 29.1 to 45.8)。基线嗜铬粒蛋白A、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、胎盘生长因子及可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体1水平升高,是OS预后不良的预测因素。最常见的不良事件包括口腔炎、皮疹、腹泻。

结果表明,依维莫司治疗晚期进展性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者,其总生存期可达44个月;对患者的生存益处为6.3个月,但是这一点上,没有发现统计学意义。(文章详见——JCO:依维莫司治疗晚期胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(RADIANT-3)

【4】内镜下切除直肠神经内分泌肿瘤是安全有效的

对407例患者进行了病理评估,76(18.7%)名切除缘状态呈阳性,72例(17.7%)切缘状态不确定。术前诊断或可疑直肠NETs的患者术后表现出较高的完整切除率(与诊断为息肉进行切除术后才诊断为NETs的患者相比)(P<0.001)。十四例患者在初次治疗后1.9±2.8个月接受抢救治疗。

在中位随访期为45个月里,局部复发有3例(0.74%),没有淋巴结复发或远处转移发生;异时性直肠NETs有3例(0.74%)。根据术后病理状态,在病理无瘤组,局部复发和异时性病变发生在1(0.4%)例和2(0.8%)例患者;在不确定组分别发生了2 (1.4%)例和1 (0.7%)例患者。

结论:考虑到长期的预后包括复发或异时性病变,内镜下切除治疗直肠NETs是有效和安全的。这种治疗方法可能会导致良好的临床结果,不管是不确定病理肿瘤患者中,还是初步切除后病理无瘤的患者中。(文章详见——Am J Gastroenterol:内镜下切除直肠神经内分泌肿瘤时安全有效的

【5】靶向治疗胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤新药物---PI3K蛋白


研究人员评估了40个人类肿瘤样本和患有PanNETs的小鼠模型中PI3K蛋白信号通路激活的频率,并研究了使用通用PI3K和同类的特殊抑制剂抑制小鼠模型中这种通路的治疗效果。
 
Graupera博士的研究小组发现,不管是通用PI3K还是称为p110α的特定PI3K同种类型的药物抑制剂都足以诱导肿瘤细胞死亡和阻碍血管生长,这可以阻止肿瘤的发展和转移。然而同种类型选择性抑制剂比通用抑制剂有更低的毒性,因此实现完全的通路抑制需要较高的p110α药物剂量,这样是可以接受的。
 
这些结果显示治疗这种恶性肿瘤的一种新型靶向疗法:PI3K抑制剂已经用于临床实践中。通过PI3K激酶在促进转移中的作用阐明了在肿瘤生物学中PI3K激酶的一种新功能。(文章详见——Clin Cancer Res:靶向治疗胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤新药物---PI3K蛋白

【6】依维莫司治疗晚期无功能性肺或胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤,安全有效

共有302名患者参加此次研究,其中205例被分配每天接受依维莫司10毫克,97例接受安慰剂。

依维莫司组的中位无进展生存期为11.0个月(95%Cl为9.2-13.3),安慰剂组为3.9个月(3.6-7.4)。依维莫司降低了进展或死亡的估计风险的52%(危险比(HR)0.48 [95%Cl 0.35-0.67,P<0.00001)。尽管没有统计学意义,第一预计划的中期总体生存分析的结果表明,依维莫司可能会减少死亡的风险(HR 0.64[95%Cl 0.40-1.05],单边P=0.037,而对于统计显着性的边界是0.0002)。3或4级药物相关的不良事件比较少见,包括口炎(依维莫司组中202例患者中的18例[9%] vs 安慰剂组98例患者中的0例)、腹泻(15[7%] vs 2[2% ])、感染(14 [7%] vs 0)、贫血(8[4%] vs 1[1%])、疲劳(7[3%] vs 1[1%)]和高血糖(7[3 %] vs 0)。

用依维莫司治疗,可显著改善晚期无功能性肺或胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤患者的无进展生存期。安全性结果与依维莫司的已知副作用情况是一致的。依维莫司是第一个靶向剂,有可接受的耐受性,对广泛范围内的神经内分泌肿瘤有抗肿瘤活性,包括那些来自胰腺、肺和胃肠道所产生的肿瘤。(文章详见——Lancet:依维莫司治疗晚期无功能性肺或胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤,安全有效

【7】神经内分泌肿瘤与B淋巴细胞刺激因子水平研究

Grimaldi和同事对115例(48.4%为男性;平均年龄63.4岁)神经内分泌肿瘤患者(病程5.9年)进行了研究。神经内分泌肿瘤的类型如下:36例伴有肺癌,47例伴有消化道肿瘤,32例伴有无功能性胰腺病变。根据年龄和性别匹配77名健康对照组。

与对照组相比,神经内分泌肿瘤患者有更高水平的BLyS (666.5 pg/mL vs. 1,274 pg/mL; P < .001),而BLyS和CGA之间没有关系。

神经内分泌肿瘤患者术后持续缓解,其BLyS水平也逐渐降低(6个月内 vs. 6个月后,1,478 pg/mL  vs. 1,043 pg/mL; P = .08)。与无转移的患者相比,转移患者有更高水平的BLyS(P = .052)。与疾病进展者相比,病情稳定者有较低的BlyS水平(1,177 pg/mL; P = .046)。随访期间疾病的进展不能通过基线升高的BLyS水平来预测。

结果表明,与健康对照组相比,神经内分泌肿瘤的患者更可能出现B淋巴细胞刺激因子水平升高,这些水平升高可能与随访期间更严重的疾病有关。(文章详见——AACE 2016:神经内分泌肿瘤与B淋巴细胞刺激因子水平研究

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    2017-05-03 gwc392
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1682266, encodeId=614e1682266ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4d031e8074' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分泌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31780, encryptionId=d4d031e8074, topicName=分泌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0da227938338, createdName=gwc392, createdTime=Wed May 03 17:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1763471, encodeId=f37b1e63471a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3fc83035361' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内分泌肿瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30353, encryptionId=3fc83035361, topicName=内分泌肿瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=763a37536718, createdName=1249898am27暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 00:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1953702, encodeId=e53d1953e0289, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bdbe41946e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经内分泌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74194, encryptionId=9bdbe41946e, topicName=神经内分泌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8143398, createdName=lily1616, createdTime=Thu Jul 06 05:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151113, encodeId=8fb4151113a7, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAXaDEiaxhu025c3P0XshccTrbvGWBjKvnHIxbK3vqa80P7WGIFuicCFet97TicrNKpgB3TdabxP1vMh/0, createdBy=28851960965, createdName=榄枷檬, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:53:20 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151112, encodeId=5dda1511124b, content=神经内分泌肿瘤是起源于神经内分泌细胞的肿瘤。神经内分泌细胞是机体内具有神经内分泌表型,可以产生多种激素的一大类细胞。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAXaDEiaxhu025c3P0XshccTrbvGWBjKvnHIxbK3vqa80P7WGIFuicCFet97TicrNKpgB3TdabxP1vMh/0, createdBy=28851960965, createdName=榄枷檬, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:53:10 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151107, encodeId=3f7715110ea5, content=学习了很多的事情, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2dD8SUAwqrufRiaKMGaaBScoAzEicJJibuu3wCIWWQxoLgS2UOBx1vsPe3faZtAiatc0pTWlS6868zZH/0, createdBy=0a231960988, createdName=胖红, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:34:01 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151106, encodeId=a11315110654, content=不错不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0f261920920, createdName=上邪zyy, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:31:40 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1682266, encodeId=614e1682266ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4d031e8074' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分泌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31780, encryptionId=d4d031e8074, topicName=分泌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0da227938338, createdName=gwc392, createdTime=Wed May 03 17:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1763471, encodeId=f37b1e63471a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3fc83035361' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内分泌肿瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30353, encryptionId=3fc83035361, topicName=内分泌肿瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=763a37536718, createdName=1249898am27暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 00:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1953702, encodeId=e53d1953e0289, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bdbe41946e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经内分泌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74194, encryptionId=9bdbe41946e, topicName=神经内分泌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8143398, createdName=lily1616, createdTime=Thu Jul 06 05:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151113, encodeId=8fb4151113a7, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAXaDEiaxhu025c3P0XshccTrbvGWBjKvnHIxbK3vqa80P7WGIFuicCFet97TicrNKpgB3TdabxP1vMh/0, createdBy=28851960965, createdName=榄枷檬, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:53:20 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151112, encodeId=5dda1511124b, content=神经内分泌肿瘤是起源于神经内分泌细胞的肿瘤。神经内分泌细胞是机体内具有神经内分泌表型,可以产生多种激素的一大类细胞。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAXaDEiaxhu025c3P0XshccTrbvGWBjKvnHIxbK3vqa80P7WGIFuicCFet97TicrNKpgB3TdabxP1vMh/0, createdBy=28851960965, createdName=榄枷檬, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:53:10 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151107, encodeId=3f7715110ea5, content=学习了很多的事情, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2dD8SUAwqrufRiaKMGaaBScoAzEicJJibuu3wCIWWQxoLgS2UOBx1vsPe3faZtAiatc0pTWlS6868zZH/0, createdBy=0a231960988, createdName=胖红, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:34:01 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151106, encodeId=a11315110654, content=不错不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0f261920920, createdName=上邪zyy, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:31:40 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1682266, encodeId=614e1682266ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4d031e8074' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分泌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31780, encryptionId=d4d031e8074, topicName=分泌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0da227938338, createdName=gwc392, createdTime=Wed May 03 17:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1763471, encodeId=f37b1e63471a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3fc83035361' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内分泌肿瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30353, encryptionId=3fc83035361, topicName=内分泌肿瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=763a37536718, createdName=1249898am27暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 00:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1953702, encodeId=e53d1953e0289, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bdbe41946e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经内分泌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74194, encryptionId=9bdbe41946e, topicName=神经内分泌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8143398, createdName=lily1616, createdTime=Thu Jul 06 05:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151113, encodeId=8fb4151113a7, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAXaDEiaxhu025c3P0XshccTrbvGWBjKvnHIxbK3vqa80P7WGIFuicCFet97TicrNKpgB3TdabxP1vMh/0, createdBy=28851960965, createdName=榄枷檬, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:53:20 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151112, encodeId=5dda1511124b, content=神经内分泌肿瘤是起源于神经内分泌细胞的肿瘤。神经内分泌细胞是机体内具有神经内分泌表型,可以产生多种激素的一大类细胞。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAXaDEiaxhu025c3P0XshccTrbvGWBjKvnHIxbK3vqa80P7WGIFuicCFet97TicrNKpgB3TdabxP1vMh/0, createdBy=28851960965, createdName=榄枷檬, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:53:10 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151107, encodeId=3f7715110ea5, content=学习了很多的事情, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2dD8SUAwqrufRiaKMGaaBScoAzEicJJibuu3wCIWWQxoLgS2UOBx1vsPe3faZtAiatc0pTWlS6868zZH/0, createdBy=0a231960988, createdName=胖红, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:34:01 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151106, encodeId=a11315110654, content=不错不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0f261920920, createdName=上邪zyy, createdTime=Tue Oct 25 12:31:40 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-25 榄枷檬

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-10-25 榄枷檬

    神经内分泌肿瘤是起源于神经内分泌细胞的肿瘤。神经内分泌细胞是机体内具有神经内分泌表型,可以产生多种激素的一大类细胞。

    0

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    2016-10-25 胖红

    学习了很多的事情

    0

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    2016-10-25 上邪zyy

    不错不错

    0

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