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BMJ:反对世卫组织“减量”饱和脂肪建议

2019-07-07 卢芳 中国循环杂志

相关专家在BMJ指出,这一建议未能考虑一些特别的脂肪酸和特别食物来源的饱和脂肪所带来的健康获益,证据不够充分。

去年5月,世界卫生组织就成人和儿童饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸摄入发布了指南草案。

其中一条就是饱和脂肪摄入(奶酪、全脂牛奶、黄油等食品中含有)不超过日总能量需求的10%,并建议用多不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸(油性鱼类、菜籽油、坚果或种子中含有)替代。

但是近期这一建议遭“喷”,其中对“打杀”反式脂肪酸毫无异议,主要为饱和脂肪抱不平。

相关专家在BMJ指出,这一建议未能考虑一些特别的脂肪酸和特别食物来源的饱和脂肪所带来的健康获益,证据不够充分。

他们认为,这样或会导致降低一些营养密集食物的摄入,而这些食物对于预防疾病和改善健康状况很重要。

而且,饱和脂肪与心血管病和死亡间的相关证据并不清晰。

人们发现,饱和脂肪酸的代谢事实上较为复杂,还有研究提示,某些饱和脂肪酸或许还有助于降低冠心病风险,比如可以升高“好胆固醇”高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。

相关专家指出,世界卫生组织这份草案之所以这样建议主要基于一项对84项随机对照的荟萃分析,但这些试验只关注了总的饱和脂肪酸的摄入,而忽略了食物的来源;而且应用的是替代性措施。

他们强调,就疾病风险而言,不同饱和脂肪是不一样的,而且所在的食物基质(整体食物中的纤维和矿物质等物质)对心血管病的影响可能比饱和脂肪本身更重要。

相关专家还有其他隐忧,根据既往数十年相关经验,对总饱和脂肪的关注或会误导政府部门、消费者以及食品工业,从而潜在推动了低饱和脂肪但富含精制淀粉和糖等食物的广泛流行。

而精制碳水化合物比如糖摄入多不是一件好事。

比如有研究发现,如果冠心病患者连续数周食用高糖食品,就会出现诸如总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、氧化低密度脂蛋白、尿酸、胰岛素抵抗和糖耐量异常、低HDL-C以及血小板功能改变等异常表现。

相关专家表示,强烈建议基于整体食物实现健康饮食,希望世界卫生组织重新考虑关于总饱和脂肪摄入的指南草案。

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    2020-01-02 gaoxiaoe
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    2019-07-08 txqjm

    谢谢了,学习

    0

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