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肝血管瘤合并中央型肝动脉-门静脉分流一例

2019-10-22 谢伶俐 梁斌 苏扬波 临床放射学杂志

患者女,65岁。因“上腹部不适半月”就诊。患者自诉半月前无明显诱因出现上腹部不适。外院超声提示肝左叶实性占位性病变。入院体检:剑突下8 cm可触及肝下缘,质软,边缘光整,伴轻度压痛。实验室检查无特殊。

患者女,65岁。因“上腹部不适半月”就诊。患者自诉半月前无明显诱因出现上腹部不适。外院超声提示肝左叶实性占位性病变。入院体检:剑突下8 cm可触及肝下缘,质软,边缘光整,伴轻度压痛。实验室检查无特殊。
 
CT表现:平扫示肝左外叶及左内叶各一类圆形低密度影,大小7.8 cm×9.1 cm、2.7 cm×2.1 cm;动态增强扫描病灶从周边部开始强化,强化密度接近同层大血管密度,门静脉期及实质期病灶强化范围向中心扩展且强化程度逐渐下降,呈血管瘤典型“快进慢出”、向心性强化;动脉期门静脉左、右一级分支早显(图1、2),但动脉期及门静脉期未见门静脉充盈缺损或“线样征”等异常改变(图3、4)。



图1~4CT扫描示肝左外叶一巨大血管瘤及左内叶一小血管瘤。图1、2:增强动脉期病灶边缘强化,并门静脉左干(箭)及右干(箭)早显;图3、4:增强门静脉期示病灶向心性强化,门静脉左干及右干显示正常
 
DSA表现:动脉期示肝左动脉走行迂曲、明显增粗,分支增多。左外叶可见一类圆形占位,周围血管弧形移位(图5);病灶边缘呈斑点、棉花团状显影,呈“树上挂果”改变;左内叶另见一结节状病灶,呈“爆米花”改变,可见左、右门静脉一级分支早显(图6);毛细血管期及静脉期病灶对比剂排空明显延迟,呈环状排列血管湖改变;间接门静脉造影示门静脉主干及左右分支未见异常。
 


图5、6DSA示动脉早期肝左动脉走行迂曲、增粗,肝左外叶病灶周围血管弧形移位(图5);动脉晚期肝左外叶病灶呈典型“树上挂果”改变,左内叶病灶呈“爆米花”改变,同时可见门静脉左(箭头)、右一级分支早显(箭)(图6)
 
讨论
 
肝动脉-门静脉分流(arterioportal shunt,APS)是指肝动脉与门静脉之间形成异常吻合。根据分流道部位和分流量大小,APS可分为中央型和周围型。前者分流道位于门静脉主干及一级分支,其分流道大、分流量高,能显著加重患者的门静脉高压,临床上以脾大、腹腔积液、腹泻及消化道出血为主要表现;后者分流道位于门静脉二级或以下分支,分流量小,临床症状不明显。APS见于多种肝脏疾病,包括原发性肝细胞癌、血管瘤、肝硬化、活检及介入治疗后等。
 
文献报道肝血管瘤APS发生率约19%~26%,以小病灶多见,通常为周围型APS。肝血管瘤并发中央型APS极为罕见。肝血管瘤APS的形成机制尚不清楚,推测可能有以下分流途径:(1)肝门周围血管瘤引起门静脉主干或一级分支的滋养血管开放、扩张,肝动脉血直接经滋养血管进入门静脉,形成经血管的APS;(2)肿瘤压迫肝静脉分支造成相应区域肝静脉回流受阻,肝窦压力升高超过门静脉,门静脉成为引流静脉,形成经肝窦的APS。本例结合CT及DSA表现,考虑为经血管的APS可能性大。肝血管瘤APS需与肝癌APS相鉴别,前者只出现门静脉早显及门静脉扩张,但无破坏征象;而后者门静脉早显多伴有门静脉受侵改变,如出现门静脉癌栓充盈缺损、线样征等。
 
原始出处:

谢伶俐,梁斌,苏扬波,李学文,郑传胜.肝血管瘤合并中央型肝动脉-门静脉分流一例[J].临床放射学杂志,2018(05):888.

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    2020-02-15 fusion
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    2020-07-28 huagfeg
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