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BMC Cancer:调查1270对中国兄弟姐妹的患癌数据后,癌症专家提出这些建议!

2021-09-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

兄弟一生一起走,患癌也在一起也是没想到......但这也给我们提示一个重要的癌症早期筛查策略!

癌症发病率和死亡率正在迅速增长,人们越来越重视癌症预防和早期发现计划,特别是在有癌症家族史的人。遗传基因和共同环境因素与癌症发生存在重要的相互作用。有研究指出,长期儿童癌症幸存者的兄弟姐妹患癌风险增加。甚至与父母和孩子的情况相比,兄弟姐妹更有可能发展出相似的生活方式和饮食习惯,尤其是同性兄弟姐妹。然而目前还鲜有分析中国患癌兄弟姐妹特征的调查。

本研究旨在评估兄弟姐妹从同一系统来源发展相同癌症类型的概率,并评估他们的诊断年龄。目的是为有兄弟姐妹癌症史的个人制定机会性筛查建议,以便及早发现癌症。

2008年1月至2019年12月,在中科院肿瘤医院肿瘤预防科进行体检时,有43300人被问及是否至少有两个兄弟姐妹(包括他们自己)被诊断出患有癌症。最终共有来自766个家庭的1270对兄弟姐妹参加了这项研究。

在766个有两个或更多兄弟姐妹被诊断为癌症的家庭中,586个(76.5%)家庭有2个兄弟姐妹患有癌症,143个(18.7%)有3个,29个(3.8%)有4个,7个(0.9%)有5个,1个(0.1%)有6个。其中,367对兄弟来自216个家庭,368对姐妹来自237个家庭,兄弟姐妹(兄妹或姐弟)535对来自313个家庭。

不出所料,肺癌是兄弟对中最常见的癌症。对于姐妹对和兄弟姐妹对的女性,乳腺癌是最常见的。兄弟对中最常见的5种癌症类型为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和食道癌,这与男性的情况一致。对姐妹对来说,最常见的五种癌症是乳腺癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌和肝癌。除了第四常见的癌症是胃癌而不是甲状腺癌外,兄弟姐妹对结果与姐妹对一致。

兄弟对、姐妹对、兄弟姐妹对的癌症诊断比例

兄弟对、姐妹对和兄弟姐妹对的平均诊断年龄分别为61.8±12.1岁、57.8±12.2岁和60.9±11.6岁。对于姐妹组,平均诊断年龄明显低于其他两组(P<0.001)。根据表2的数据分析诊断百分比最高的 30 年诊断年龄范围,在兄弟对中,80.2%的兄弟在46岁至75岁之间患上了癌症。在姐妹中则75.4%,在41岁至70岁之间。在兄弟姐妹中,83.7%的兄弟在46岁至75岁之间罹患癌症,而79.3%的姐妹在相同的30年间罹患癌症。诊断率最高的5年诊断范围,兄弟对为66-70岁,而姐妹对为56-60岁。在兄弟姐妹对中,兄弟的范围是56-60,姐妹的范围是61-65。

癌症确诊年龄分组情况

在367对(55.3%)兄弟对中,有203对被诊断出患有来自同一系统来源癌症。消化系统癌症是最常见的(157,77.3%)。第二常见的是呼吸系统癌症(44,21.7%),而其他系统癌症只占1%(2例)。在368对姐妹对中,188对(51.1%)被诊断患有同源癌症,略低于兄弟对。姐妹对中生殖系统癌症最为常见(114,60.6%),其次是消化系统癌(36,19.1%)、呼吸系统癌(32、8.7%)和内分泌癌(6,3.2%)。在535对(36.0%)兄弟对中,只有192对被诊断出同源癌症,这明显低于兄弟对(P<0.001)和姐妹对(P<0.001)。在兄弟姐妹对中,最常见的是消化系统癌症(126,65.6%),其次呼吸系统癌症(51,26.6%),生殖系统癌症(10,5.2%)和其他癌症起源(5,2.6%)。

系统性起源的癌症类别

在367对兄弟中,103对(28.1%)被诊断为同一癌症类型。最常见的是肺癌,其次是肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和结肠直肠癌。在368对姐妹对中,137对(37.2%)被诊断为同一癌症类型。最常见的是乳腺癌、肺癌、宫颈癌、肝癌、甲状腺癌和结肠直肠癌。对于兄弟姐妹对,只有101对(18.9%)对患上了同一类型的癌症。5种最常见的癌症类型与兄弟对相同。患癌类型一致的姐妹对比例最高,其次是兄弟对(P = 0.010)和兄弟姐妹对(P<0.001)。

兄弟姐妹对的癌症类型

所有三个兄弟姐妹对组最常见的年龄差异组为1-5岁。对于兄弟对,这个年龄差异组占病例的30.8%,与姐妹对(32.6%)和兄弟姐妹对(30.1%)类似,各组之间没有显著差异(所有P>0.05)。 在考虑10年内的年龄差异时,各组别差异也并不显著(所有P>0.05),兄弟对为224(61.1%),姐妹对为231(62.8%)兄弟姐妹对为334(62.4%)。 在所有组别中,超过四分之三的人在15年年龄差异内发病(兄弟对79.0%,姐妹对76.3%,兄弟姐妹对77.9%)。

诊断年龄与癌症系统起源的差异

对于同一系统来源癌症,69.6%的姐妹对在10年年龄差内患病,明显高于不同系统起源癌症(55.6%,P = 0.005)。 对于兄弟对,63.5%在10年年龄差内患同源癌症,与患不同来源癌症的兄弟对(57.9%,P>0.05)没有显著区别。 同样,65.1%的兄弟姐妹对在10年年龄差内患同源癌症,与患不同来源癌症的兄弟姐妹对(60.9%,P>0.05)没有显著区别。

诊断年龄与癌症类型的差异

对于年龄差小于10年,在所有组别中,发展相同癌症类型比例均高于不同癌症类型(兄弟对66.1%对59.0%,姐妹对 69.1% vs 59.1% ,兄弟姐妹对 70.3% 对 60.6% ), 但差异均不显著 (所有P > 0.05)。

 

总体而言,最常见的癌症类型及其在男性和女性中的比例与中国2018年Globocan数据一致。癌症的早诊早治对延长患者生存时间非常重要。在全部三个组别中,确诊年龄差小于5年的兄弟姐妹占所有对的35.9%-40.8%,小于10年的兄弟姐妹对占61.1%-62.8%。通常,癌前病变进展为癌症需要几年到几十年。因此,在兄弟姐妹被诊断出患有癌症后,应建议其他兄弟姐妹每年参加癌症的早期筛查。

最后,通过分析兄弟姐妹与癌症的共同特征,本研究总结了几个建议:当兄弟姐妹被确诊患癌时,个人应考虑每年参加机会性筛查,特别是肺癌和消化系统癌症,不分男女。此外,对于女性而言,乳腺癌、宫颈癌和甲状腺癌也应及早筛查。此外,对于有兄弟姐妹患癌的个人而言,基因检测也必不可少。

 

原文来源:

Liu et al.Characteristics of 1270 Chinese sibling pairs with cancer.BMC Cancer (2021) 21:1027
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08737-0

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    2021-09-21 lq0307
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    2021-09-19 医者仁者

    🌴🌵🎄☘️🎍

    0

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    2021-09-19 ent_xunmeng1987

    学习了!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1975122, encodeId=c87a19e5122f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f145355379' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3553, encryptionId=f145355379, topicName=BMC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Thu Jan 20 08:36:33 CST 2022, time=2022-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601487, encodeId=1498160148e23, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5baa5299111' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#患癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52991, encryptionId=5baa5299111, topicName=患癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=888f18872716, createdName=lq0307, createdTime=Tue Sep 21 07:36:33 CST 2021, time=2021-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053098, encodeId=a5491053098a1, content=🌴🌵🎄☘️🎍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sun Sep 19 20:14:19 CST 2021, time=2021-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053049, encodeId=1234105304975, content=学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210123/de3e3cb777b342e0a1c1276de5bf1b9a/9325fbaec7b940728d61b380ff227dde.jpg, createdBy=46a42697416, createdName=ent_xunmeng1987, createdTime=Sun Sep 19 17:11:57 CST 2021, time=2021-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053048, encodeId=f312105304825, content=遗传在疾病的发生发展中起了重要作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=375288590, createdName=zhouyanjun, createdTime=Sun Sep 19 17:10:53 CST 2021, time=2021-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-09-19 zhouyanjun

    遗传在疾病的发生发展中起了重要作用

    0

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