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IEEE trans:对称步态下佩戴者-假肢的交互作用:基于强化学习假肢控制的研究

2021-07-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

为了恢复经股截肢患者的运动能力,模拟生物膝关节(和踝关节)功能的机器人假体能够使经股截肢者能够以标准模式通过不平的地形(如楼梯和坡道),减少肌肉活动的不对称性或时空步态对称性,并执行非节律性任务(如向

为了恢复经股截肢患者的运动能力,模拟生物膝关节(和踝关节)功能的机器人假体能够使经股截肢者能够以标准模式通过不平的地形(如楼梯和坡道),减少肌肉活动的不对称性或时空步态对称性,并执行非节律性任务(如向后行走。这些机器人假体都依赖于微调和个性化的控制设置。然而,机器人假肢佩戴者的步态表现(如步态对称性、稳定性和能量消耗)并没有持续改善。为了通过调节假肢来改善假肢佩戴者超越膝关节运动学的步态,了解假肢佩戴者与假肢之间的物理相互作用,包括假肢力学如何影响佩戴者在运动中的运动和动力学是至关重要的。

代谢成本是步态评估的一个重要指标,但其他步态指标,如对称性,在截肢者诊所同样重要。例如,时空步态对称性是下肢截肢者常用的步态评估指标之一。它揭示了一个人步态的基本时间和位置信息。不对称步态在单侧下肢截肢患者中经常被报道。当使用机器人假肢行走时,步态不对称仍然存在。为了研究佩戴者-假肢之间的相互作用,有必要建立一种安全实用的方法来探索人在回路中的高维假肢控制。由于控制参数太多,临床医生手工调节效率低且不切实际。基于强化学习(RL)的假体设计可以同时改变12个阻抗参数来调整机器人膝关节假体的力学性能,以达到所需的膝关节行走运动模式。本研究以人工膝关节为研究对象,以RL人工膝关节为研究对象,探讨人工膝关节力学(阻抗控制)的改变对肢体间脉冲和步态时空对称性的影响。
 
本研究中使用的机器人膝关节假体配有电机、旋转膝关节处的角度传感器和挂架中的称重传感器。一个步态周期中的膝关节角度轨迹在站姿屈曲和摆动屈曲期间具有局部最大值,在站姿伸展和摆动伸展期间具有局部最小值。因此可以表示一个步态周期中的膝关节运动学。在保证穿戴式膝关节假体系统安全的前提下,利用基于RL的自动调谐器对机器人膝关节假体的阻抗参数空间进行了研究。
Fig. 1. - Framework of the human-in-the-loop automatic impedance parameter tuning by reinforcement learning control (auto-tuner). (A and F) The wearer-prosthesis system, where the torque 
$\tau $
 of the robotic knee prosthesis is regulated by the finite-state machine impedance controller. (B) Evaluation module, the bridge between the wearer-prosthesis system and RL auto-tuner, which takes in measurements from the robotic prosthesis (joint angle 
$\theta $
, angular velocity 
$\omega $
, and vGRF 
${F}{z}\_{}{L}$
) and generates the RL state 
${X}_{n}$
. (C) Generate RL reinforcement signal 
${r}_{n}$
 from the wearer-prosthesis system according to [18]. (D) RL auto-tuner, which consists of 4 blocks, implemented with direct heuristic dynamic programming (dHDP) [36], [37], corresponding to the prosthesis controllers in four gait phases. (E) Update the impedance parameters to get 
${I}_{n}$
 with the auto-tuner outputs 
${U}_{n}$
 and reinforcement signal 
${r}_{n}$
. The subscript n represents the iteration index.
实验算法流程图
 
6名受试者(3名健全受试者和3名经股截肢者)在带实验性膝关节假体的器械跑步机上行走,同时强化学习调整控制参数。截肢的受试者戴着他们的日常假肢,并由一名假肢医生为他们安装了电动膝关节假体。身体健全的受试者戴着一个L形适配器,用电动膝关节假体行走。所有受试者接受训练,在跑步机上以0.6 m/s的速度用电动膝关节假体行走6个疗程以上,直到他们感到足够舒适和自信,能够在不握住扶手的情况下用实验性假体行走。对每名受试者进行了四次实验。每次试验开始时,受试者步行30秒以适应试验环境。然后我们启动RL自动调谐器,评估假肢膝关节的运动学性能。通过人工关节上的角度传感器记录人工膝关节的角度。空间步态性能指标使用来自每个脚骨上两个标记的数据,这些数据由8个摄像头的运动系统记录。
 
机器人膝关节假体的控制参数(力学)对假体膝关节运动学有显著影响(p<0.01)。他们在峰值站姿屈曲角、峰值站姿伸展角、峰值摆动屈曲角和峰值摆动伸展角方面引起了较好的效果。假肢控制的变化导致的站姿时间对称性和步长对称性的变化明显大于截肢者用固定假肢控制行走的变化。在每一组控制参数内测量,受试者和不同控制参数的站立时间SI和步长SI的平均标准差分别为3.3%和5.7%。与这些值相比,假肢控制的改变导致步态对称性在站立时间和步长上有更大的变化。方差分析显示,人工膝关节控制/力学对站立时间SI和步长SI的影响有统计学意义(p<0.01)。
 
佩戴者的步态时空SI对假肢膝关节的力学非常敏感。单独调整假肢力学会引起双下肢站立时间和步长的变化;双侧的变化通常是相反的方向,这导致了对称指数的显著变化。研究表明假肢制动不足也可能导致暂时的步态不对称。使用基于RL的控制来理解假肢力学在现实环境中对其他步态指标(例如,稳定性、完整关节负荷或人类认知反应)的影响(例如,不同速度的水平地面行走)对经股截肢患者具有重要意义。
 
Y. Wen, M. Li, J. Si and H. Huang, "Wearer-Prosthesis Interaction for Symmetrical Gait: A Study Enabled by Reinforcement Learning Prosthesis Control," in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 904-913, April 2020, doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2020.2979033.
 

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    2022-04-17 bsmagic9140
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    2021-11-23 xxxx1061
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    2021-07-08 ylz8405
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    2021-07-08 xlwang2695
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    2021-07-07 ms2000000271259687

    学习🙏

    0

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    2021-07-07 智慧药

    啧啧啧啧 学习了

    0

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    2021-07-06 云音

    学习了

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657523, encodeId=b59e165e52377, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Sun Apr 17 03:21:36 CST 2022, time=2022-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1741982, encodeId=2c9f1e419829d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5681632e84e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#步态#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63278, encryptionId=5681632e84e, topicName=步态)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=76f034999566, createdName=xxxx1061, createdTime=Tue Nov 23 23:21:36 CST 2021, time=2021-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471684, encodeId=e76914e168447, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0132410554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#互作#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24105, encryptionId=c0132410554, topicName=互作)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dc87121468, createdName=ylz8405, createdTime=Thu Jul 08 13:21:36 CST 2021, time=2021-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529890, encodeId=5c8715298908d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6dc2e58131' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#假肢#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27581, encryptionId=b6dc2e58131, topicName=假肢)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e67711977428, createdName=xlwang2695, createdTime=Thu Jul 08 13:21:36 CST 2021, time=2021-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=997185, encodeId=2b8199e18530, content=学习🙏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=115a5543571, createdName=ms2000000271259687, createdTime=Wed Jul 07 14:25:19 CST 2021, time=2021-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=997016, encodeId=b74099e016fb, content=啧啧啧啧 学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210901/969603a2377544169c0528539edd5ab7/50bbe992202d43569f6cc40d89829e36.jpg, createdBy=b54c5537441, createdName=智慧药, createdTime=Wed Jul 07 09:33:13 CST 2021, time=2021-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=996943, encodeId=435e99694303, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210706/94f5be99288b4333bbd9b9247189a80b/e971212e0e194fdeb68116d1454b7bb0.jpg, createdBy=030b5543173, createdName=云音, createdTime=Tue Jul 06 23:00:33 CST 2021, time=2021-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=996932, encodeId=f73999693292, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Tue Jul 06 22:26:36 CST 2021, time=2021-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-06 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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