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上腹疼痛3小时后晕厥 慢性胃炎?冠心病?TIA? 3小时后晕厥 慢性胃炎?冠心病?TIA?

2017-07-18 蔡继峰 常云峰 基层医疗机构医疗损害防范知识及案例解析

55岁女性因上腹疼痛3小时,晕厥10分钟入院。入院时心肌酶尚未升高,仍处于心肌梗死发病早期,由于医方未能识别心电图异常,未复查心肌酶,对发病早期心肌梗死认知不足,对患者病情关注不足,导致患者心肌梗死未能得到合理诊治,加重病情进展及恶化。4天后患者死亡。这一悲剧带给我们哪些启示?【病史摘要】钟某,女性,55岁。患者因上腹疼痛3小时,晕厥10分钟于某年6月27日至某医院就诊。查心电图示:Ⅰ、aVL导联

55岁女性因上腹疼痛3小时,晕厥10分钟入院。入院时心肌酶尚未升高,仍处于心肌梗死发病早期,由于医方未能识别心电图异常,未复查心肌酶,对发病早期心肌梗死认知不足,对患者病情关注不足,导致患者心肌梗死未能得到合理诊治,加重病情进展及恶化。4天后患者死亡。这一悲剧带给我们哪些启示?

【病史摘要】

钟某,女性,55岁。患者因上腹疼痛3小时,晕厥10分钟于某年6月27日至某医院就诊。查心电图示:Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段明显抬高,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST压低。头颅CT未见异常。磷酸肌酸激酶160U/L(参考值:30~170),乳酸脱氢酶210U/L(参考值:95~200),肌酸激酶同工酶20U/L(参考值:0~24)。入院诊断:腹痛查因:慢性胃炎?晕厥查因:冠心病?TIA?给予对症处理。

6月28日行胃镜检查示:慢性红斑渗出性胃炎并胃底糜烂,幽门螺杆菌(HP)+。因患者出现发热,考虑增加泌尿系感染诊断,并给予加替沙星抗炎。6月29日患者腹痛病情好转。7月1日11时55分患者突发出现背部不适,继之昏迷,呼之不应,心跳呼吸骤停,立即给予心肺复苏等抢救,当天13时12分患者抢救无效死亡。

【死亡原因】

7月31日某司法鉴定所鉴定意见书:钟某死亡原因为急性大面积心肌梗死继发心脏破裂、心脏压塞致急性心功能衰竭而死亡。

【患方陈述】

某医院误诊患者疾病,并且错误治疗;心电图检查异常后没有复查;静脉滴注加替沙星不当。由于医方的错误诊治导致患者死亡。

【医方陈述】

患者入院当时心肌梗死症状不典型,在临床上诊断困难。使用加替沙星有适应证,无绝对禁忌证。患者的死亡是无法预料及难以抢救。医方在整个诊疗过程中按医疗诊疗及操作常规诊治处理,无违反医疗规章制度及法规。

【评析】

急性心肌梗死是心内科的常见急症,临床上多有剧烈而持久的胸骨后疼痛,休息及硝酸酯类药物不能完全缓解,伴有血清心肌酶活性增高及进行性心电图变化,可并发心律失常、心脏破裂、心力衰竭,常可危及生命。通过病理组织学切片的复阅可见,其心肌梗死的面积十分广泛,其原发病变十分严重,并导致了心脏破裂,属于心肌梗死的严重和致死性并发症,说明原发疾病十分严重,而心肌梗死的预后与梗死范围的大小,侧支循环建立的情况及治疗是否及时有关。因此,患者自身疾病的严重程度是导致死亡的重要因素之一。该患者发病3小时后入院就诊,入院时心肌酶尚未升高,说明还处于心肌梗死发病早期,就诊是及时的,从27日入院到7月1日死亡有4天时间,但由于医方未能识别心电图异常,未复查心肌酶,对发病早期心肌梗死认知不足,对患者病情关注不足,导致患者心肌梗死未能得到合理诊治,加重病情进展及恶化。医方作为基层医院,虽然心肌梗死的治疗手段有限,如若能提高对该疾病的认知,及早予以介入治疗或及时转诊,患者有可能获得救治。因此,医方的过错与患者的死亡后果之间存在因果关系,属于次要因素。此外,医方存在使用药物不当和病历书写不规范的过错,但该过错与患者的死亡后果之间不存在因果关系。

【鉴定意见】

某医院对钟某的医疗行为中,未能识别心电图异常,未复查心肌酶,存在未尽到应有的注意义务的漏诊过错,使患者丧失救治机会。但患者心肌梗死的面积广泛并导致了心脏破裂,病情严重和凶险,建议医方参与度为次要责任程度。

警示

本案患者在门诊就诊时的心电图可见Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段明显抬高,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST压低,心前区导联ST段亦轻度抬高,提示为急性前侧壁心肌梗死的心电图改变。即患者此次发病入院为心肌梗死发作,根据心电图改变应诊断为急性前侧壁心肌梗死,心源性晕厥。医方未能正确识别心电图,未能诊断,导致患者心肌梗死未能得到合理诊治,医方的过失与患者的死亡后果之间存在因果关系,构成医疗侵权。

来源:《基层医疗机构医疗损害防范知识及案例解析》

作者:蔡继峰 常云峰

参编:郭亚东 张长全 闫杰 丁艳君 蔡继峰

页码:160-162

出版:人民卫生出版社

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1311622, encodeId=044e131162289, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=053f59e677a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晕厥#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59767, encryptionId=053f59e677a, topicName=晕厥)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Thu Jul 20 01:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223523, encodeId=90d3223523ee, content=心电图啊,我的天,都没有意识到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Tue Jul 18 11:47:37 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223515, encodeId=fc0322351548, content=仔细观察病情,反复复查很重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jul 18 11:25:31 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223508, encodeId=ff4f223508d7, content=心内科医生慧眼识别心电图异常并结合临床密切随访及复查心肌酶对患者心肌梗死预后有很大影响。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Tue Jul 18 10:28:29 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-18 KO229256262

    心电图啊,我的天,都没有意识到

    0

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    2017-07-18 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    仔细观察病情,反复复查很重要。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1311622, encodeId=044e131162289, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=053f59e677a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晕厥#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59767, encryptionId=053f59e677a, topicName=晕厥)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Thu Jul 20 01:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223523, encodeId=90d3223523ee, content=心电图啊,我的天,都没有意识到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Tue Jul 18 11:47:37 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223515, encodeId=fc0322351548, content=仔细观察病情,反复复查很重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jul 18 11:25:31 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223508, encodeId=ff4f223508d7, content=心内科医生慧眼识别心电图异常并结合临床密切随访及复查心肌酶对患者心肌梗死预后有很大影响。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Tue Jul 18 10:28:29 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-18 邓启付

    心内科医生慧眼识别心电图异常并结合临床密切随访及复查心肌酶对患者心肌梗死预后有很大影响。

    0

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